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Molecular Variability in North Indian Isolates of Cylindrocladium quinquieseptatum Causing Eucalyptus Leaf and Seedling Blight.

ABSTRACT: Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum has been considered as the most destructive pathogen of Eucalyptus nurseries and plantations in north India. Genetic resistance has not been determined against this disease in Eucalyptus and genetic diversity among the fungal population in northern India is not known. Seventy three isolates from infected leaves and twigs of Eucalyptus were collected from different northern Indian state and analyzed through RAPD-PCR for screening genetic diversity. The UPGMA cluster analysis score of 284 loci permitted identification of 11 population lines and an outlier. This molecular variability prevalent among the north Indian population of the pathogen can used in identifying Cylindrocladium leaf and seedling blight resistant Eucalyptus germplasm.

SUBMITTER: Mohanty PS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3386447 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular Variability in North Indian Isolates of Cylindrocladium quinquieseptatum Causing Eucalyptus Leaf and Seedling Blight.

Mohanty Partha Sarathi PS Pandey Amit A Arya Pooja P Harsh N S K NS

Indian journal of microbiology 20110419 2

Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum has been considered as the most destructive pathogen of Eucalyptus nurseries and plantations in north India. Genetic resistance has not been determined against this disease in Eucalyptus and genetic diversity among the fungal population in northern India is not known. Seventy three isolates from infected leaves and twigs of Eucalyptus were collected from different northern Indian state and analyzed through RAPD-PCR for screening genetic diversity. The UPGMA cluste ...[more]

PMID: 23729872

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Project description:Beneficial microorganisms, including members of the Trichoderma genus, are known for their ability to promote plant growth and disease resistance, as well as being alternatives to synthetic inputs in agriculture. In this study, 111 Trichoderma strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Florence Aurore, an ancient wheat variety that was cultivated in an organic farming system in Tunisia. A preliminary ITS analysis allowed us to cluster these 111 isolates into three main groups, T. harzianum (74 isolates), T. lixii (16 isolates) and T. sp. (21 isolates), represented by six different species. Their multi-locus analysis (tef1, translation elongation factor 1; rpb2, RNA polymerase B) identified three T. afroharzianum, one T. lixii, one T. atrobrunneum and one T. lentinulae species. These six new strains were selected to determine their suitability as plant growth promoters (PGP) and biocontrol agents (BCA) against Fusarium seedling blight disease (FSB) in wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum. All of the strains exhibited PGP abilities correlated to ammonia and indole-like compound production. In terms of biocontrol activity, all of the strains inhibited the development of F. culmorum in vitro, which is linked to the production of lytic enzymes, as well as diffusible and volatile organic compounds. An in planta assay was carried out on the seeds of a Tunisian modern wheat variety (Khiar) by coating them with Trichoderma. A significant increase in biomass was observed, which is associated with increased chlorophyll and nitrogen. An FSB bioprotective effect was confirmed for all strains (with Th01 being the most effective) by suppressing morbid symptoms in germinated seeds and seedlings, as well as by limiting F. culmorum aggressiveness on overall plant growth. Plant transcriptome analysis revealed that the isolates triggered several SA- and JA-dependent defense-encoding genes involved in F. culmorum resistance in the roots and leaves of three-week-old seedlings. This finding makes these strains very promising in promoting growth and controlling FSB disease in modern wheat varieties.

Project description:Foliar diseases of maize cause severe economic losses in India and around the world. The increasing severity of maize leaf blight (MLB) over the past ten years necessitates rigorous identification and characterization of MLB-causing pathogens from different maize production zones to ensure the success of resistance breeding programs and the selection of appropriate disease management strategies. Although Bipolaris maydis is the primary pathogen causing MLB in India, other related genera such as Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum, and a taxonomically distant genus, Alternaria, are known to infect maize in other countries. To investigate the diversity of pathogens associated with MLB in India, 350 symptomatic leaf samples were collected between 2016 and 2018, from 20 MLB hotspots in nine states representing six ecological zones where maize is grown in India. Twenty representative fungal isolates causing MLB symptoms were characterized based on cultural, pathogenic, and molecular variability. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) gene sequence-based phylogenies showed that the majority of isolates (13/20) were Bipolaris maydis. There were also two Curvularia papendorfii isolates, and one isolate each of Bipolaris zeicola, Curvularia siddiquii, Curvularia sporobolicola, an unknown Curvularia sp. isolate phylogenetically close to C. graminicola, and an Alternaria sp. isolate. The B. zeicola, the aforesaid four Curvularia species, and the Alternaria sp. are the first reports of these fungi causing MLB in India. Pathogenicity tests on maize plants showed that isolates identified as Curvularia spp. and Alternaria sp. generally caused more severe MLB symptoms than those identified as Bipolaris spp. The diversity of fungi causing MLB, types of lesions, and variation in disease severity by different isolates described in this study provide baseline information for further investigations on MLB disease distribution, diagnosis, and management in India.

Dataset Information

Molecular Variability in North Indian Isolates of Cylindrocladium quinquieseptatum Causing Eucalyptus Leaf and Seedling Blight.

Publications

Molecular Variability in North Indian Isolates of Cylindrocladium quinquieseptatum Causing Eucalyptus Leaf and Seedling Blight.

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