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Effect of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth, hematology, antioxidant enzymes activity and expression for juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus.

ABSTRACT: An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) on growth and health of grass carp. Four isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 16.64, 32.73 and 48.94% of CSM, respectively, as replacements of 0, 35, 68 and 100% of SBM were fed to fish (initial body weight 7.14 ± 0.75 g/fish) in triplicate aquaria twice daily. The results indicated that fish fed diet containing 16.64% CSM as a replacement of 35% of SBM was not affected in weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P>0.05), while fish fed diets containing higher level of dietary CSM (32.73 and 48.94%) significantly decreased WGand PER and significantly increased FCR (P<0.05). Fish fed diets containing 16.64% of CSM had significantly increased hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) values compared with fish fed with other diets (P<0.05). The activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), gene expression levels of GSH-Px and CAT, and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly lower for fish fed diets containing 16.64% CSM compared with fish fed other diets (P<0.05). These results showed 16.64% CSM could be used to replace 35% SBM in the diets of juvenile grass carp and without health impact.

SUBMITTER: Zheng Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3389240 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth, hematology, antioxidant enzymes activity and expression for juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus.

Zheng Qingmei Q Wen Xiaobo X Han Chunyan C Li Haobo H Xie Xiaohui X

Fish physiology and biochemistry 20120801 4

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) on growth and health of grass carp. Four isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 16.64, 32.73 and 48.94% of CSM, respectively, as replacements of 0, 35, 68 and 100% of SBM were fed to fish (initial body weight 7.14 ± 0.75 g/fish) in triplicate aquaria twice daily. The results indicated that fish fed diet containing 16.64% CSM as a replacement of 35% of SBM was not affected in weight ...[more]

PMID: 22297837

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Project description:The present study explored the effects of ferulic acid (FA) supplementation in cottonseed meal (CSM)-based diets on grass carp growth performance, feed utilization, liver antioxidation status, and intestinal physical barrier function. Here, four experimental diets supplemented with FA at graded levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and CSM as the main protein source (384.6 g/kg feed) for an 8-week feeding trial. Our results indicated that 200 mg/kg FA supplementation in a CSM-based diet significantly improved growth performance [including final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate, and specific growth rate] and feed utilization [including feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio] in grass carp (p < 0.05). The results of polynomial regression analysis based on FBW recommended that the optimal dose for FA supplementation was 204 mg/kg. Compared with that no FA supplementation, 200 mg/kg FA supplementation significantly reduced liver malondialdehyde levels and increased glutathione reductase activities (p < 0.05) and 100 mg/kg FA supplementation significantly increased liver total superoxide dismutase activities and reduced blood alanine transaminase levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, 100 mg/kg FA supplementation also led to significantly increased mRNA expression of zo-1, zo-2, occludin, claudin-b, claudin-3, claudin-7a, and claudin-12, encoding intestinal tight junction proteins (p < 0.05). Notably, FA supplementation could reduce lipid deposition by regulating bile acid (BA) secretion. In this study, 100 and 200 mg/kg FA supplementation significantly increased blood and liver total BA levels, respectively (p < 0.05); 100 mg/kg FA also significantly activated mRNA expressions of fxr and cyp7a1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the whole-body composition results presented that FA treatment relieved lipid deposition, particularly 50 and 200 mg/kg FA supplementation (p < 0.05). Moreover, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower and high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly higher with 200 mg/kg FA supplementation than with no FA supplementation (p < 0.05). Taken together, the results indicated that FA may be a beneficial feed additive to boost fish growth performance and increase CSM utilization.

Project description:BackgroundThe ultrahigh density intensive farming model of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) may elicit growth inhibition, decrease flesh quality, and increase disease susceptibility of fish. The degradation in quality and excessive fat accumulation in cultured C. idellus have long been attributed to possible alterations in the lipid metabolism of fish muscle tissues as a result of overnutrition from artificial diets. To investigate the effects of different diets on fish muscle quality, a large-scale metabolomics study was performed on 250 tails of C. idellus.FindingsThe experimental fish were divided into four groups based on sex and diet-female artificial feed (FAF), female grass feed, male artificial feed (MAF), and male grass feed (MGF). After a 113-day rearing period, the artificial feed (AF) group showed a significantly higher total mass of muscle fat (P < 0.01), with the FAF group being the highest. Metabolomics profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed distinctive patterns of clustering according to the four groups. Overall, artificial feeding was associated with higher concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid, whereas grass feeding was associated with elevated n-3 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and gamma-linolenic acid. Artificial feeding also resulted in significant increased docosahexaenoic acid in MAF muscle than in MGF fish, whereas there was no significance in the comparison of female samples. Metabolic pathway analyses using both targeted and untargeted approaches consistently revealed that arachidonic acid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways were significantly different between AF and grass fed groups.ConclusionsOur results suggest that grass is a better source of dietary fatty acid and protein when compared to artificial feed. Grass feeding could effectively lower triglycerides in serum, reduce fat accumulation, and alter lipid compositions in fish muscle by increasing the concentrations of n-3 UFAs, leading to better nutrition and health.

Project description:Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus; n = 320) were received four different diets for 56 days. The experimental diets were: fishmeal (FM) containing 10% fishmeal (without rapeseed meal), and rapeseed meal (RM) containing 50% rapeseed meal (without fishmeal), and two semi-purified diets either without (T0) or with 1.25% (T1) supplemental hydrolysable tannin. The approximate content of tannin in the RM diet was 1.31%, which was close to that of T1, while the tannin content of FM was close to that of T0. The weight gain rate of grass carp of the RM group was significantly lower than that of the FM group, while the feeding conversion ratio and the feeding rate were significantly higher in the T1 group than in T0. The muscle lipid content was significantly lower in RM than in FM, while T1 was lower than T0. Intestinal activities of trypsin and α-amylase were significantly higher in T1 and RM groups compared with the other treatments. The hepatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were lower in T1 and RM groups compared with the other treatments, while hepatic glycogen, and malonaldehyde were significantly higher in T1 and RM groups. In serum, the total protein and globulin contents were significantly higher in T1 and RM groups, while albumin was significantly lower in the RM group compared to the FM group. High-throughput sequencing showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla among groups. The intestinal microbial diversity was higher in T1 and RM. Redundancy analysis showed that tannin, rapeseed meal, and intestinal trypsin activity were positively or negatively correlated with the relative abundance of several different intestinal microbiota at phylum and/or genus levels. The results indicated that 1.25% tannin could not be the main reason for the poor growth of grass carp of the RM group; however, the protein metabolism was disturbed, the absorption of carbohydrate was improved, and the accumulation of lipid had decreased. Furthermore, tannin and rapeseed meal supplementations modulated the intestinal microbiota, and may sequentially regulate the intestinal function by fermenting dietary nutrition, producing digestive enzymes, and modulating probiotics.

Dataset Information

Effect of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth, hematology, antioxidant enzymes activity and expression for juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus.

Publications

Effect of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth, hematology, antioxidant enzymes activity and expression for juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus.

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