Dataset Information

Metabolomics investigation of dietary effects on flesh quality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

ABSTRACT: Background:The ultrahigh density intensive farming model of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) may elicit growth inhibition, decrease flesh quality, and increase disease susceptibility of fish. The degradation in quality and excessive fat accumulation in cultured C. idellus have long been attributed to possible alterations in the lipid metabolism of fish muscle tissues as a result of overnutrition from artificial diets. To investigate the effects of different diets on fish muscle quality, a large-scale metabolomics study was performed on 250 tails of C. idellus. Findings:The experimental fish were divided into four groups based on sex and diet-female artificial feed (FAF), female grass feed, male artificial feed (MAF), and male grass feed (MGF). After a 113-day rearing period, the artificial feed (AF) group showed a significantly higher total mass of muscle fat (P < 0.01), with the FAF group being the highest. Metabolomics profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed distinctive patterns of clustering according to the four groups. Overall, artificial feeding was associated with higher concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid, whereas grass feeding was associated with elevated n-3 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and gamma-linolenic acid. Artificial feeding also resulted in significant increased docosahexaenoic acid in MAF muscle than in MGF fish, whereas there was no significance in the comparison of female samples. Metabolic pathway analyses using both targeted and untargeted approaches consistently revealed that arachidonic acid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways were significantly different between AF and grass fed groups. Conclusions:Our results suggest that grass is a better source of dietary fatty acid and protein when compared to artificial feed. Grass feeding could effectively lower triglycerides in serum, reduce fat accumulation, and alter lipid compositions in fish muscle by increasing the concentrations of n-3 UFAs, leading to better nutrition and health.

SUBMITTER: Zhao H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6176498 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metabolomics investigation of dietary effects on flesh quality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

Zhao Honghao H Chong Jasmine J Tang Rong R Li Li L Xia Jianguo J Li Dapeng D

GigaScience 20181001 10

<h4>Background</h4>The ultrahigh density intensive farming model of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) may elicit growth inhibition, decrease flesh quality, and increase disease susceptibility of fish. The degradation in quality and excessive fat accumulation in cultured C. idellus have long been attributed to possible alterations in the lipid metabolism of fish muscle tissues as a result of overnutrition from artificial diets. To investigate the effects of different diets on fish muscle qual ...[more]

PMID: 30192945

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Project description:BACKGROUND: The ultra-high density intensive farming model of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) may elicit inhibite the growth, decline flesh quality and disease resistance of fish. The quality degradation and excessive fat accumulation in cultured C. idellus have long been attributed to possible alterations in the lipid metabolism of fish muscle tissues as a result of over-nutrition from artificial diets. To investigate the effects of different diets on fish muscle quality, a large-scale metabolomics study was performed on 200 tails of C. idellus. FINDINGS: The experimental fish were divided into four test groups based on sex and diets - female artificial feed (FAF), female grass feed (FGF), male artificial feed (MAF) and male grass feed (MGF). After a 4-month rearing period, the AF group showed significantly higher total mass of muscle fat (P < 0.01), with the FAF group being the highest. Metabolomics profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed distinctive patterns of clustering according to the four groups. Overall, artificial feeding was associated with higher concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (ARA); whereas grass-feeding was associated with elevated n-3 unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 UFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Some sex-specific markers, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was only found in male samples, with higher levels in the MAF group. Metabolic pathway analyses using both targeted (MetaboAnalyst) and untargeted (mummichog) approaches consistently revealed that the arachidonic acid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways are significantly different between AF and GF groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that grass is a better source of diet fatty acid and protein when compared to artificial feed, because it could effectively lower triglycerides in serum, reduce fat accumulation and alter lipid compositions in fish muscle by increasing the concentrations of n-3 UFAs, leading to better nutrition and health.

Project description:BACKGROUND: The ultra-high density intensive farming model of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) may elicit inhibite the growth, decline flesh quality and disease resistance of fish. The quality degradation and excessive fat accumulation in cultured C. idellus have long been attributed to possible alterations in the lipid metabolism of fish muscle tissues as a result of over-nutrition from artificial diets. To investigate the effects of different diets on fish muscle quality, a large-scale metabolomics study was performed on 200 tails of C. idellus. FINDINGS: The experimental fish were divided into four test groups based on sex and diets - female artificial feed (FAF), female grass feed (FGF), male artificial feed (MAF) and male grass feed (MGF). After a 4-month rearing period, the AF group showed significantly higher total mass of muscle fat (P < 0.01), with the FAF group being the highest. Metabolomics profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed distinctive patterns of clustering according to the four groups. Overall, artificial feeding was associated with higher concentrations of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (ARA); whereas grass-feeding was associated with elevated n-3 unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 UFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Some sex-specific markers, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was only found in male samples, with higher levels in the MAF group. Metabolic pathway analyses using both targeted (MetaboAnalyst) and untargeted (mummichog) approaches consistently revealed that the arachidonic acid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways are significantly different between AF and GF groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that grass is a better source of diet fatty acid and protein when compared to artificial feed, because it could effectively lower triglycerides in serum, reduce fat accumulation and alter lipid compositions in fish muscle by increasing the concentrations of n-3 UFAs, leading to better nutrition and health.

Project description:Tannin, an antinutritional component of plant proteins was fed to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus, 8. 18 ± 0.81 g) for 8 weeks to investigate their tolerance levels. Semi-purified diets (T0, T1, T2, and T3) with varying levels of hydrolysable tannin (0, 0.75, 1.25, and 1.75% respectively) were used. No significant difference was obtained in weight gain, while feed conversion ratio of T0 was significantly lower than T2. Muscle protein content of T0 and T3 were significantly higher than T2, while lipid content of T0 was significantly higher than other groups. Muscle and hepatic glycogen in T0 were significantly lower than other groups. Muscle saturated fatty acids in T3 were significantly higher than T0, and lowest in T1 and T2, while the poly-unsaturated fatty acids in T1 and T2 were higher than T0 and lowest in T3. Significant increases were obtained in trypsin and amylase activities as tannin levels increased, the lipase activity of T0 and T1 was significantly higher than T2 and T3. Activities of hepatic alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased with increasing tannin level. The total protein in serum of T2 was significantly higher than T0 and T1 and lowest in T3, whereas globulin of T2 was significantly higher than T0 and T3 and lowest in T1, while albumin of T1 was significantly higher than other groups. Urea nitrogen of T0 was significantly higher than other groups, triglyceride and total cholesterol significantly increased with tannin level and decreased in T3, significant decreases were obtained in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in T3. mRNA expression of intestinal TOR was significantly upregulated as dietary tannin increased. In hepatopancreas, the expression of glucokinase in T1 was significantly higher than T2, and lowest in T0 and T3, pyruvate kinase in T2 was significantly higher than T0 and T1 and lowest T3. The expression of lipoprotein lipase upregulated as tannin level and downregulated in T3, and fatty acid synthase downregulated as tannin level. In conclusion, grass carp could tolerate 1.75% dietary tannin without influencing growth. However, 1.25% tannin impaired digestion and metabolism of protein, decreased the deposition of lipid and promoted utilization of carbohydrate.

Dataset Information

Metabolomics investigation of dietary effects on flesh quality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

Publications

Metabolomics investigation of dietary effects on flesh quality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

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