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Effect of a focal articular defect on cartilage deformation during patello-femoral articulation.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine cartilage strains near, and in apposition to, a focal defect during patello-femoral articulation. Bovine osteochondral blocks from the trochlea (TRO) and patella (PAT) were apposed, compressed 12%, and subjected to sliding under video microscopy. Samples, lubricated with synovial fluid, were tested intact and then with a full-thickness defect in PAT cartilage. Shear (E(xz)), axial (E(zz)), and lateral (E(xx)) strains were determined locally for TRO and PAT cartilage. For articulation with a focal defect, the strain amplitudes of PAT cartilage near the surface were ?2-8× lower in E(xz) and ?1.4× higher in -E(zz) than intact PAT cartilage. At 20% depth, E(xz) and E(xx) for PAT cartilage with a focal defect were ?2× and ?10-25× higher than intact PAT, respectively. For TRO articulating against a focal defect, E(xz) and -E(zz) near the surface and at 20% depth were ?2-4× lower than that for articulation against intact cartilage. The results elucidate dramatic region-specific changes in strain due to lateral motion. In these regions, such altered cartilage mechanics during knee movement may cause focal defects to extend by induction of damaging levels of strain to bordering regions of cartilage.

SUBMITTER: Wong BL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3401191 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of a focal articular defect on cartilage deformation during patello-femoral articulation.

Wong Benjamin L BL Sah Robert L RL

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 20101201 12

The objective of this study was to determine cartilage strains near, and in apposition to, a focal defect during patello-femoral articulation. Bovine osteochondral blocks from the trochlea (TRO) and patella (PAT) were apposed, compressed 12%, and subjected to sliding under video microscopy. Samples, lubricated with synovial fluid, were tested intact and then with a full-thickness defect in PAT cartilage. Shear (E(xz)), axial (E(zz)), and lateral (E(xx)) strains were determined locally for TRO an ...[more]

PMID: 20602462

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Project description:Tissue material properties are crucial to understanding their mechanical function, both in healthy and diseased states. However, in certain circumstances logistical limitations can prevent testing on fresh samples necessitating one or more freeze-thaw cycles. To date, the nature and extent to which the material properties of articular cartilage are altered by repetitive freezing have not been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study is to quantify how articular cartilage mechanical properties, measured by nanoindentation, are affected by multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Canine cartilage plugs (n = 11) from medial and lateral femoral condyles were submerged in phosphate buffered saline, stored at 3-5°C and tested using nanoindentation within 12h. Samples were then frozen at -20°C and later thawed at 3-5°C for 3h before material properties were re-tested and samples re-frozen under the same conditions. This process was repeated for all 11 samples over three freeze-thaw cycles. Overall mean and standard deviation of shear storage modulus decreased from 1.76 ± 0.78 to 1.21 ± 0.77MPa (p = 0.91), shear loss modulus from 0.42 ± 0.19 to 0.39 ± 0.17MPa (p=0.70) and elastic modulus from 5.13 ± 2.28 to 3.52 ± 2.24MPa (p = 0.20) between fresh and three freeze-thaw cycles respectively. The loss factor increased from 0.31 ± 0.38 to 0.71 ± 1.40 (p = 0.18) between fresh and three freeze-thaw cycles. Inter-sample variability spanned as much as 10.47MPa across freezing cycles and this high-level of biological variability across samples likely explains why overall mean "whole-joint" trends do not reach statistical significance across the storage conditions tested. As a result multiple freeze-thaw cycles cannot be explicitly or statistically linked to mechanical changes within the cartilage. However, the changes in material properties observed herein may be sufficient in magnitude to impact on a variety of clinical and scientific studies of cartilage, and should be considered when planning experimental protocols.

Dataset Information

Effect of a focal articular defect on cartilage deformation during patello-femoral articulation.

Publications

Effect of a focal articular defect on cartilage deformation during patello-femoral articulation.

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