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Analysis of domain-swapped oligomers reveals local sequence preferences and structural imprints at the linker regions and swapped interfaces.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: 3D domain swapping is an oligomerization process in which structural elements get exchanged between subunits. This mechanism grasped interest of many researchers due to its association with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, spongiform encephalopathy etc. Despite the biomedical relevance, very little is known about understanding this mechanism. The quest for ruling principles behind this curious phenomenon that could enable early prediction provided an impetus for our bioinformatics studies. METHODOLOGY: A novel method, HIDE, has been developed to find non-domain-swapped homologues and to identify hinge from domain-swapped oligomers. Non-domain-swapped homologues were identified from the protein structural databank for majority of the domain-swapped entries and hinge boundaries could be recognised automatically by means of successive superposition techniques. Different sequence and structural features in domain-swapped proteins and related proteins have also been analysed. CONCLUSIONS: The HIDE algorithm was able to identify hinge region in 83% cases. Sequence and structural analyses of hinge and interfaces reveal amino acid preferences and specific conformations of residues at hinge regions, while comparing the domain-swapped and non-domain-swapped states. Interactions differ significantly between regular dimeric interfaces and interface formed at the site of domain-swapped examples. Such preferences of residues, conformations and interactions could be of predictive value.

SUBMITTER: Shingate P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3407178 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Analysis of domain-swapped oligomers reveals local sequence preferences and structural imprints at the linker regions and swapped interfaces.

Shingate Prashant P Sowdhamini R R

PloS one 20120727 7

<h4>Background</h4>3D domain swapping is an oligomerization process in which structural elements get exchanged between subunits. This mechanism grasped interest of many researchers due to its association with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, spongiform encephalopathy etc. Despite the biomedical relevance, very little is known about understanding this mechanism. The quest for ruling principles behind this curious phenomenon that could enable early prediction provided an impetu ...[more]

PMID: 22848353

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Project description:Ca2+ signaling plays a key role in physiological processes such as memory formation and cardiac function. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is the primary kinase that responds to Ca2+ inputs in these cells. There are four CaMKII paralogs in mammals which are alternatively spliced in the variable linker region to create upwards of 70 different variants. In this study, we systematically studied different linker regions and determined that the position of charged residues within the linker region modulates the Ca2+/CaM sensitivity of the holoenzyme. We present an X-ray crystal structure of full-length CaMKIIδ that shows a domain-swapped conformation of the subunits within the dodecameric holoenzyme. In this structure, the kinase domain of one subunit is docked onto the hub domain of a different subunit, providing an additional interface within the holoenzyme. Mutations at the equatorial and lateral interfaces revealed that the kinase-hub interaction dissociates as the hub-hub interfaces are disturbed, which led alterations in the stoichiometry of CaMKII holoenzyme and Ca2+/CaM sensitivity. Molecular dynamics simulations of linker-containing domain-swapped and non-domain-swapped CaMKIIs reveal that the domain-swapped configuration facilitates an interaction between the calmodulin binding domain and the variable linker region, such that dynamic electrostatic forces between charges on these segments can modulate the equilibrium between the compact and extended conformational states of the holoenzyme. Small angle X-ray scattering data confirms that a negatively charged linker CaMKII holoenzyme adopts a more compact conformation compared to a positively charged linker. These data support a model where patches of charged linker residues interact with the calmodulin binding domain to allosterically regulate sensitivity to Ca2+/CaM. Our findings provide a new framework for understanding CaMKII structure and allosteric regulation by the variable linker region in Ca2+-sensitive cells.

Dataset Information

Analysis of domain-swapped oligomers reveals local sequence preferences and structural imprints at the linker regions and swapped interfaces.

Publications

Analysis of domain-swapped oligomers reveals local sequence preferences and structural imprints at the linker regions and swapped interfaces.

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