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The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 with depressive symptoms in childhood--a prospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT: Depression in adolescence is common and early onset predicts worse outcome in adulthood. Studies in adults have suggested a link between higher total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and lower risk of depression.? To investigate (a) the association between serum 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) concentrations and depressive symptoms in children, and (b) whether the associations of 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) are different from, and independent of, each other.? Prospective cohort study with serum 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) concentrations measured at mean age of 9.8?years and depressive symptoms assessed with the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire by a trained interviewer at the mean ages of 10.6?years (n?=?2,759) and 13.8?years (n?=?2,752).? Higher concentrations of 25(OH)D(3) assessed at mean age 9.8?years were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms at age 13.8?years [adjusted risk ratio (RR; 95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.90 (0.86-0.95)], but not at age 10.6?years [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.98 (0.93-1.03)] and with increased odds of decreasing symptoms between age 10.6 and 13.8?years [adjusted RR (95% CI): 1.08 (1.01-1.16)]. Serum 25(OH)D(2) concentrations were not associated with depressive symptoms.? This is the first study in children to suggest that the association between 25(OH)D(3) concentrations and depression emerges in childhood. The association is independent of a wide range of potential confounding factors, and appears to be stronger with greater time separation between assessment of 25(OH)D(3) and assessment of depressive symptoms. Confirmation of our findings in large prospective studies and trials would be valuable.

SUBMITTER: Tolppanen AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3412227 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 with depressive symptoms in childhood--a prospective cohort study.

Tolppanen Anna-Maija AM Sayers Adrian A Fraser William D WD Lewis Glyn G Zammit Stanley S Lawlor Debbie A DA

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines 20111229 7

<h4>Background</h4> Depression in adolescence is common and early onset predicts worse outcome in adulthood. Studies in adults have suggested a link between higher total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and lower risk of depression.<h4>Objectives</h4> To investigate (a) the association between serum 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) concentrations and depressive symptoms in children, and (b) whether the associations of 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) are different from, and independent of, each ...[more]

PMID: 22211693

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Project description:UnlabelledIn exploring relationships between vitamin D status in childhood and cortical bone, little relationship was observed with plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D(2) [25(OH)D(2)], whereas 25-hydroxyvitamin-D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] was positively related to cortical bone mineral content (BMC(C)) and cortical thickness, suggesting D(3) exerts a beneficial effect on cortical bone development in contrast to D(2).IntroductionThe study is aimed to determine whether vitamin D status in childhood is related to cortical bone development by examining prospective relationships between plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) at 7.6, 9.9 or 11.8 years and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measurements of the mid-tibia at age 15.5 years, in children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.MethodsRelationships between vitamin D status and pQCT outcomes were analysed by bootstrap linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, body composition, socioeconomic position and physical activity, in 2,247 subjects in whom all covariates were available. 25(OH)D(3) was also adjusted for season and 25(OH)D(2), and 25(OH)D(2) for 25(OH)D(3).Results25(OH)D(3) was positively related to BMC(C) [0.066(0.009,0.122), P?=?0.02], whereas no association was seen with 25(OH)D(2) [-0.008(-0.044,0.027), P?=?0.7] [beta (with 95% CI) represents SD changes per doubling of vitamin D], P?=?0.03 for difference in associations of 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) with BMC(C). There were also differences in associations with cortical geometry, since 25(OH)D(3) was positively related to cortical thickness [0.11(0.04, 0.19), P?=?0.002], whereas no association was seen with 25(OH)D(2) [-0.04(-0.08,0.009), P?=?0.1], P?=?0.0005 for difference. These relationships translated into differences in biomechanical strength as reflected by buckling ratio, which was positively related to 25(OH)D(2) [0.06(0.01,0.11), P?=?0.02] indicating less resistance to buckling, but inversely related to 25(OH)D(3) [-0.1(-0.19,-0.02), P?=?0.03], P?=?0.001 for difference.ConclusionsIn contrast to 25(OH)D(2), 25(OH)D(3) was positively related to subsequent cortical bone mass and predicted strength. In vitamin D-deficient children in whom supplementation is being considered, our results suggest that D(3) should be used in preference to D(2).

Dataset Information

The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 with depressive symptoms in childhood--a prospective cohort study.

Publications

The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 with depressive symptoms in childhood--a prospective cohort study.

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