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Associations of childhood 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: prospective findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Studies of the associations of circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults have reported inconsistent findings. We aimed to compare prospective associations of two analogues of childhood 25(OH)D (25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3) with cardiovascular risk factors measured in adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS:We examined associations of childhood (ages 7-12 years) 25(OH)D2 and 25-25(OH)D3 with a range of cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, fasting lipids, glucose, insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP)) determined in adolescence (mean age 15.4 years). Data were from 2470 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective population-based cohort. After adjustments for age, gender, socioeconomic position and BMI, there were no associations of 25(OH)D2 with cardiovascular risk factors. There was a positive association of season-adjusted (and unadjusted) 25(OH)D3 with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (mean change per doubling of 25(OH)D3: 0.03?mmol/l; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001 to 0.05, p?=?0.02) and an inverse association with fasting insulin (relative difference of -4.59% per doubling; 95% CI: -8.37 to -0.59, p?=?0.03). Participants with total 25(OH)D concentration <50?nmol/l had 0.04?mmol/l lower HDL-C (95% CI: -0.07 to -0.01) and 5.54% higher fasting insulin (95% CI: 0.82 to 10.47) compared with participants with total 25(OH)D ?72?nmol/l. CONCLUSIONS:In the first prospective study of children/adolescents, we have shown that higher 25(OH)D3 concentrations in childhood are associated with higher levels of HDL-C and lower fasting insulin in adolescence.

SUBMITTER: Williams DM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3931583 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations of childhood 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: prospective findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Williams Dylan M DM Fraser Abigail A Sayers Adrian A Fraser William D WD Hyppönen Elina E Smith George Davey GD Sattar Naveed N Lawlor Debbie A DA

European journal of preventive cardiology 20121126 3

<h4>Background</h4>Studies of the associations of circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults have reported inconsistent findings. We aimed to compare prospective associations of two analogues of childhood 25(OH)D (25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3) with cardiovascular risk factors measured in adolescence.<h4>Methods and results</h4>We examined associations of childhood (ages 7-12 years) 25(OH)D2 and 25-25(OH)D3 with a range of cardiovascular risk facto ...[more]

PMID: 23185083

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Project description:UnlabelledIn exploring relationships between vitamin D status in childhood and cortical bone, little relationship was observed with plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D(2) [25(OH)D(2)], whereas 25-hydroxyvitamin-D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] was positively related to cortical bone mineral content (BMC(C)) and cortical thickness, suggesting D(3) exerts a beneficial effect on cortical bone development in contrast to D(2).IntroductionThe study is aimed to determine whether vitamin D status in childhood is related to cortical bone development by examining prospective relationships between plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) at 7.6, 9.9 or 11.8 years and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measurements of the mid-tibia at age 15.5 years, in children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.MethodsRelationships between vitamin D status and pQCT outcomes were analysed by bootstrap linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, body composition, socioeconomic position and physical activity, in 2,247 subjects in whom all covariates were available. 25(OH)D(3) was also adjusted for season and 25(OH)D(2), and 25(OH)D(2) for 25(OH)D(3).Results25(OH)D(3) was positively related to BMC(C) [0.066(0.009,0.122), P?=?0.02], whereas no association was seen with 25(OH)D(2) [-0.008(-0.044,0.027), P?=?0.7] [beta (with 95% CI) represents SD changes per doubling of vitamin D], P?=?0.03 for difference in associations of 25(OH)D(2) and 25(OH)D(3) with BMC(C). There were also differences in associations with cortical geometry, since 25(OH)D(3) was positively related to cortical thickness [0.11(0.04, 0.19), P?=?0.002], whereas no association was seen with 25(OH)D(2) [-0.04(-0.08,0.009), P?=?0.1], P?=?0.0005 for difference. These relationships translated into differences in biomechanical strength as reflected by buckling ratio, which was positively related to 25(OH)D(2) [0.06(0.01,0.11), P?=?0.02] indicating less resistance to buckling, but inversely related to 25(OH)D(3) [-0.1(-0.19,-0.02), P?=?0.03], P?=?0.001 for difference.ConclusionsIn contrast to 25(OH)D(2), 25(OH)D(3) was positively related to subsequent cortical bone mass and predicted strength. In vitamin D-deficient children in whom supplementation is being considered, our results suggest that D(3) should be used in preference to D(2).

Dataset Information

Associations of childhood 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: prospective findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Publications

Associations of childhood 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: prospective findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

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