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Toll-like receptor- and filarial antigen-mediated, mitogen-activated protein kinase- and NF-?B-dependent regulation of angiogenic growth factors in filarial lymphatic pathology.

ABSTRACT: Filarial lymphatic pathology is of multifactorial origin, with inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, and innate immune responses all playing important roles. The role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the development of filarial pathology is well characterized. Similarly, the association of pathology with elevated levels of plasma angiogenic factors has also been documented. To examine the association between TLR function and the development of lymphangiogenesis in filarial infections, we examined TLR- and filarial antigen-induced expression and production of various angiogenic growth factors. We demonstrate that TLR ligands (specifically TLR2, -3, and -5 ligands) induce significantly increased expression/production of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals with lymphatic pathology (CP individuals) compared to that in cells of asymptomatic infected (INF) individuals. Similarly, filarial antigens induce significantly enhanced production of VEGF-C in CP compared with INF individuals. TLR2-mediated enhancement of angiogenic growth factor production in CP individuals was shown to be dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-?B signaling, as pharmacologic inhibition of either extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, or NF-?B signaling resulted in significantly diminished production of VEGF-A and Ang-1. Our data therefore strongly suggest an important association between TLR signaling and lymphangiogenesis in the development of pathology in human lymphatic filariasis.

SUBMITTER: Babu S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3416485 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Toll-like receptor- and filarial antigen-mediated, mitogen-activated protein kinase- and NF-κB-dependent regulation of angiogenic growth factors in filarial lymphatic pathology.

Babu Subash S Anuradha R R Kumar N Pavan NP George P Jovvian PJ Kumaraswami V V Nutman Thomas B TB

Infection and immunity 20120416 7

Filarial lymphatic pathology is of multifactorial origin, with inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, and innate immune responses all playing important roles. The role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the development of filarial pathology is well characterized. Similarly, the association of pathology with elevated levels of plasma angiogenic factors has also been documented. To examine the association between TLR function and the development of lymphangiogenesis in filarial infections, we examined TLR ...[more]

PMID: 22508858

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Project description:BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a vital role in hepatic fibrogenesis. Our recent clinical study indicated that the Zi Qi decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, exhibited good efficacy in alleviating liver fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats repeatedly injected with CCl₄ and cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide were used as in vivo and in vitro models for liver fibrosis, respectively. The viability of LX-2 cells was evaluated with MTT assay. Relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of representative extracellular matrix (ECM) components was detected with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Moreover, total and phosphorylation levels of ECM proteins and pathway-related proteins were detected with western blotting. Immunofluorescent staining was used to show the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa b (NF-kappaB) p65. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the extent of liver fibrosis. The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), Hyp, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were tested with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, 7.0T micro-magnetic resonance imaging (micro-MRI) was used to evaluate the severity of hepatic damage. RESULTS The Zi Qi decoction inhibited lipopolysaccharide-mediated upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of representative ECM proteins both in vivo and in vitro. The Zi Qi decoction also suppressed activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related NF-kappaB signaling pathway and subsequently inhibited the nuclear translocation of activated NF-kappaB. Moreover, another TLR4 downstream pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), was simultaneously restrained. The results of liver pathology and MRI in rat models also suggested the efficacy of the Zi Qi decoction in attenuating liver damage. CONCLUSIONS The Zi Qi decoction inhibited liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TLR4-related NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways and preventing activation of HSCs.

Dataset Information

Toll-like receptor- and filarial antigen-mediated, mitogen-activated protein kinase- and NF-?B-dependent regulation of angiogenic growth factors in filarial lymphatic pathology.

Publications

Toll-like receptor- and filarial antigen-mediated, mitogen-activated protein kinase- and NF-κB-dependent regulation of angiogenic growth factors in filarial lymphatic pathology.

Similar Datasets

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