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The landscape of cancer genes and mutational processes in breast cancer.


ABSTRACT: All cancers carry somatic mutations in their genomes. A subset, known as driver mutations, confer clonal selective advantage on cancer cells and are causally implicated in oncogenesis, and the remainder are passenger mutations. The driver mutations and mutational processes operative in breast cancer have not yet been comprehensively explored. Here we examine the genomes of 100 tumours for somatic copy number changes and mutations in the coding exons of protein-coding genes. The number of somatic mutations varied markedly between individual tumours. We found strong correlations between mutation number, age at which cancer was diagnosed and cancer histological grade, and observed multiple mutational signatures, including one present in about ten per cent of tumours characterized by numerous mutations of cytosine at TpC dinucleotides. Driver mutations were identified in several new cancer genes including AKT2, ARID1B, CASP8, CDKN1B, MAP3K1, MAP3K13, NCOR1, SMARCD1 and TBX3. Among the 100 tumours, we found driver mutations in at least 40 cancer genes and 73 different combinations of mutated cancer genes. The results highlight the substantial genetic diversity underlying this common disease.

SUBMITTER: Stephens PJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3428862 | biostudies-literature | 2012 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The landscape of cancer genes and mutational processes in breast cancer.

Stephens Philip J PJ   Tarpey Patrick S PS   Davies Helen H   Van Loo Peter P   Greenman Chris C   Wedge David C DC   Nik-Zainal Serena S   Martin Sancha S   Varela Ignacio I   Bignell Graham R GR   Yates Lucy R LR   Papaemmanuil Elli E   Beare David D   Butler Adam A   Cheverton Angela A   Gamble John J   Hinton Jonathan J   Jia Mingming M   Jayakumar Alagu A   Jones David D   Latimer Calli C   Lau King Wai KW   McLaren Stuart S   McBride David J DJ   Menzies Andrew A   Mudie Laura L   Raine Keiran K   Rad Roland R   Chapman Michael Spencer MS   Teague Jon J   Easton Douglas D   Langerød Anita A   Lee Ming Ta Michael MT   Shen Chen-Yang CY   Tee Benita Tan Kiat BT   Huimin Bernice Wong BW   Broeks Annegien A   Vargas Ana Cristina AC   Turashvili Gulisa G   Martens John J   Fatima Aquila A   Miron Penelope P   Chin Suet-Feung SF   Thomas Gilles G   Boyault Sandrine S   Mariani Odette O   Lakhani Sunil R SR   van de Vijver Marc M   van 't Veer Laura L   Foekens John J   Desmedt Christine C   Sotiriou Christos C   Tutt Andrew A   Caldas Carlos C   Reis-Filho Jorge S JS   Aparicio Samuel A J R SA   Salomon Anne Vincent AV   Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise AL   Richardson Andrea L AL   Campbell Peter J PJ   Futreal P Andrew PA   Stratton Michael R MR  

Nature 20120516 7403


All cancers carry somatic mutations in their genomes. A subset, known as driver mutations, confer clonal selective advantage on cancer cells and are causally implicated in oncogenesis, and the remainder are passenger mutations. The driver mutations and mutational processes operative in breast cancer have not yet been comprehensively explored. Here we examine the genomes of 100 tumours for somatic copy number changes and mutations in the coding exons of protein-coding genes. The number of somatic  ...[more]

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