Dietary intervention targeting increased fiber consumption for metabolic syndrome.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Merriam PA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3433761 | biostudies-literature | 2012 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Dietary intervention targeting increased fiber consumption for metabolic syndrome.
Merriam Philip A PA Persuitte Gioia G Olendzki Barbara C BC Schneider Kristin K Pagoto Sherry L SL Palken Judith L JL Ockene Ira S IS Ma Yunsheng Y
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 20120425 5
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Project description:The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the U.S. and even worldwide is becoming a serious health problem and economic burden. MetS has become a crucial risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The rising rates of CVD and diabetes, which are the two leading causes of death, simultaneously exist. To prevent the progression of MetS to diabetes and CVD, we have to understand how MetS occurs and how it progresses. Too many causative factors interact with each other, making the investigation and treatment of metabolic syndrome a very complex issue. Recently, a number of studies were conducted to investigate mechanisms and interventions of MetS, from different aspects. In this review, the proposed and demonstrated mechanisms of MetS pathogenesis are discussed and summarized. More importantly, different interventions are discussed, so that health practitioners can have a better understanding of the most recent research progress and have available references for their daily practice.
| S-EPMC6337367 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundConsumption of dietary fiber has been suggested as an important aspect of a healthy diet to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including cardiovascular disease. The role of fiber intake in MetS might differ by individual genetic susceptibility. APOA5 encodes a regulator of plasma triglyceride levels, which impacts the related mechanisms of MetS. This study investigated the association between dietary fiber and the risk of MetS, assessing their associations according to APOA5 genetic variants.MethodsA total of 1985 participants aged 30-55 years were included from a cross-sectional study based on the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study at baseline (2017-2019). Dietary fiber intake was measured using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The APOA5 polymorphisms (rs2266788 A > G, rs662799 A > G, and rs651821 T > C) were genotyped using the Asia Precision Medicine Research Array. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsA higher consumption of dietary fiber was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS (P = 0.025). Among the components of MetS, an inverse association with dietary fiber was observed in increased waist circumference (OR, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.41-0.88, P for trend = 0.009) and elevated triglycerides (OR, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.50-0.96, P for trend = 0.012). Regarding the interaction with APOA5 genetic variants, a stronger association with dietary fiber intake was shown in G allele carriers of rs662799 than in A/A carriers (OR, 95% CI = 2.34, 1.59-3.44, P for interaction = 0.024) and in C allele carriers of rs651821 than in T/T carriers (OR, 95% CI = 2.35, 1.59-3.46, P for interaction = 0.027).ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that the benefits of dietary fiber on the risk of MetS could be modified by genetic variants of the APOA5 gene, providing a more effective strategy for preventing MetS.
| S-EPMC10998362 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing health concern among Kuwaiti women. Dietary magnesium and fiber have been implicated in reducing the risk of MetS; however, their specific effects on this population remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association of dietary magnesium and fiber intake with the prevalence of MetS and its components among women in Kuwait.MethodsThis study included 170 women aged 18-65 (years) recruited from AL-Adan Hospital, Mubarak Hospital, and Riqqa Polyclinic. Data were collected using a modified Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ) to assess dietary intake, and biochemical measurements were performed to evaluate serum magnesium and other metabolic markers. MetS was diagnosed according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U-tests, chi-square tests, Spearman correlations, logistic and linear regression models, and Cohen's kappa statistics.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 24 and 18% based on the IDF and ATP III criteria, respectively. Women with MetS had significantly lower dietary magnesium and fiber intakes than those in women without MetS (p < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was found among dietary magnesium intake, fiber intake, and serum magnesium levels (r = 0.957, p < 0.001 for magnesium; r = 0.917, p < 0.001 for fiber). Increased dietary magnesium and fiber intakes were linked to reduced odds of developing MetS and its components, except for blood pressure measurements. Cohen's kappa demonstrated a strong agreement (K = 0.70, p < 0.001) between dietary and serum magnesium inadequacy.ConclusionIncreased dietary intakes of magnesium and fiber are associated with reduced odds of developing MetS among Kuwaiti women. These findings support the promotion of magnesium- and fiber-rich diets as preventive strategies against MetS.
| S-EPMC11521934 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fiber intake may be associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) but data from metabolically unhealthy African American women is sparse. We examined the association of dietary fiber intake and MetS among postmenopausal African American women with obesity. Baseline cross-sectional data from the Focused Intervention on Exercise to Reduce CancEr (FIERCE) trial of 213 women (mean age 58.3 years) were used. Dietary intake was assessed by Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs). Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were performed to estimate associations of MetS with fiber intake and adherence to dietary fiber intake guidelines, respectively. Mean daily fiber intake was (10.33 g/1000kcal) in women with impaired metabolic health. We observed an inverse association of total fiber intake with MetS. One unit increase in energy-adjusted fiber intake was associated with a 0.10 unit decrease in the MetS z-score (p = 0.02). Similar results were obtained for both soluble and insoluble fiber. In multivariate-adjusted analyses, participants not adherent to fiber intake recommendations were more likely to have MetS as compared to those reporting intakes in the recommended range (adjusted odds ratio 4.24, 95% CI: 1.75, 10.30). Of the MetS components, high fasting glucose and high triglycerides were all associated with lower intake of fiber. Study participants who consumed a higher amount of fiber had a better overall metabolic profile and were less likely to have MetS in our cross-sectional analysis of postmenopausal African American women with obesity and unhealthy metabolic profiles.
| S-EPMC9439193 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms were found associated with body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity and lean mass. The aim of our study was to examine the role of the C677T MTHFR gene polymorphism in the response to diet in the management of metabolic syndrome. We investigated the body composition and metabolic factor changes after an hysocaloric balanced diet (HBD), in Italian obese women affected by metabolic syndrome (MS).MethodsForty four obese women affected by MS were eligible for the study. A HBD for 12 weeks was assigned. Study participation included a complete screening for dietary habits, anthropometry, body composition, blood biochemical markers and C677T MTHFR polymorphism genotyping. The study has been registrated by ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT01890070.ResultsThe highest number of responders to HBD nutritional intervention were T(-) carriers (p ≤ 0.05). In the 81% of the total population a loss of Total Body Lean was observed. A significative loss (p ≤ 0.05) of Total Body Lean was observed in the 47% of T(-) carriers and in the 53% of T(+) carriers. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference were reduced (p ≤ 0.05). The prevalence of MS parameters decreased by 84% for systolic and diastolic blood pressure; 79,5% for HDL cholesterol, 82% for fasting glucose and 77% for triglycerides.ConclusionsMTHFR genetic variations analysis would be an innovative tool for the nutritional assessment. Our data provide the basis for personalized dietary recommendations based on the individual's genetic makeup and nutritional status.Trial registrationThe study has been registrated by ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT01890070.
| S-EPMC4260200 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder. It is widely believed that IBS is caused by a deficient intake of dietary fiber, and most physicians recommend that patients with IBS increase their intake of dietary fiber in order to relieve their symptoms. However, different types of dietary fiber exhibit marked differences in physical and chemical properties, and the associated health benefits are specific for each fiber type. Short-chain soluble and highly fermentable dietary fiber, such as oligosaccharides results in rapid gas production that can cause abdominal pain/discomfort, abdominal bloating/distension and flatulence in patients with IBS. By contrast, long-chain, intermediate viscous, soluble and moderately fermentable dietary fiber, such as psyllium results in a low gas production and the absence of the symptoms related to excessive gas production. The effects of type of fiber have been documented in the management of IBS, and it is known to improve the overall symptoms in patients with IBS. Dietary fiber acts on the gastrointestinal tract through several mechanisms, including increased fecal mass with mechanical stimulation/irritation of the colonic mucosa with increasing secretion and peristalsis, and the actions of fermentation byproducts, particularly short-chain fatty acids, on the intestinal microbiota, immune system and the neuroendocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract. Fiber supplementation, particularly psyllium, is both safe and effective in improving IBS symptoms globally. Dietary fiber also has other health benefits, such as lowering blood cholesterol levels, improving glycemic control and body weight management.
| S-EPMC5548066 | biostudies-other
Project description:Chronic inflammation induced by endotoxin from a dysbiotic gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Modification of gut microbiota by a diet to balance its composition becomes a promising strategy to help manage obesity. A dietary scheme based on whole grains, traditional Chinese medicinal foods, and prebiotics (WTP diet) was designed to meet human nutritional needs as well as balance the gut microbiota. Ninety-three of 123 central obese volunteers (BMI ? 28 kg m(-2) ) completed a self-controlled clinical trial consisting of 9-week intervention on WTP diet followed by a 14-week maintenance period. The average weight loss reached 5.79 ± 4.64 kg (6.62 ± 4.94%), in addition to improvement in insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and blood pressure. Pyrosequencing of fecal samples showed that phylotypes related to endotoxin-producing opportunistic pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae were reduced significantly, while those related to gut barrier-protecting bacteria of Bifidobacteriaceae increased. Gut permeability, measured as lactulose/mannitol ratio, was decreased compared with the baseline. Plasma endotoxin load as lipopolysaccharide-binding protein was also significantly reduced, with concomitant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-?, interleukin-6, and an increase in adiponectin. These results suggest that modulation of the gut microbiota via dietary intervention may enhance the intestinal barrier integrity, reduce circulating antigen load, and ultimately ameliorate the inflammation and metabolic phenotypes.
| S-EPMC4255291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDietary interventions may modulate inflammatory indicators, but the correlations between dietary intervention and inflammatory markers in metabolic syndrome (MetS) settings remain opaque.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of dietary intervention on interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with MetS by systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsDatabases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google scholar, were searched from June 2011 to June 2021 for relevant available articles. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was generated as effect size by meta-analysis for continuous variants, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels. Then, according to study characteristics by dietary patterns of the intervention, subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsFinally, 13 studies comprising a total of 1,101 participants were included for the meta-analysis. IL-6 levels in dietary patients were significantly lower than controls (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI = -0.55, 0.04, p = 0.02, I2 = 64%). However, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CRP levels did not change significantly compared with the control group. Sensitivity analyses further yielded similar results.ConclusionsDietary intervention may help decrease IL-6 rather than IL-1β, TNF-α, or CRP levels in patients with MetS.
| S-EPMC9008568 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis and its complications. New therapies target natural antioxidants as an alternative and/or supplemental strategy to prevent and control them. Our previous chemical and biological studies highlighted the important antioxidant activities of cherries, among other fruits and vegetables, thus we aimed to determine in vivo effects of 2-month long cherry consumption using a high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) model of diabetic-rats (Lozano et al. in Nutr Metab 13:15, 2016).MethodsAfter 2 months of HFHF, male Wistar rats were divided into: HFHF and HFHF enriched in cherry (nutritional approach) or standard diet ND (lifestyle measures) and ND plus cherry during 2 months. Metabolic, lipidic, oxidative parameters were quantified. Tissues (liver, pancreas and vessels) OS were assessed and hepatic (steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation) and vascular (endothelial dysfunction) complications were characterized.ResultsT2D was induced after 2 months of HFHF diet, characterized by systemic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, hyperleptinemia, and oxidative stress associated with endothelial dysfunction and hepatic complications. Cherry consumption for 2 months, in addition to lifestyle measures, in T2D-rats decreased and normalized the systemic disturbances, including oxidative stress complications. Moreover, in the vessel, cherry consumption decreased oxidative stress and increased endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase levels, thus increasing NO bioavailability, ensuring vascular homeostasis. In the liver, cherry consumption decreased oxidative stress by inhibiting NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox expression, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) degradation and the formation of reactive oxygen species. It inhibited the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (1c and 2) and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, and thus decreased steatosis as observed in T2D rats. This led to the improvement of metabolic profiles, together with endothelial and hepatic function improvements.ConclusionCherry consumption normalized vascular function and controlled hepatic complications, thus reduced the risk of diabetic metabolic disorders. These results demonstrate that a nutritional intervention with a focus on OS could prevent and/or delay the onset of vascular and hepatic complications related to T2D.
| S-EPMC6054718 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceDietary fiber (the main source of prebiotics) and yogurt (a probiotic food) confer various health benefits via modulating the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways. However, their associations with lung cancer risk have not been well investigated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the individual and joint associations of dietary fiber and yogurt consumption with lung cancer risk and to assess the potential effect modification of the associations by lifestyle and other dietary factors.Design, setting, and participantsThis pooled analysis included 10 prospective cohorts involving 1 445 850 adults from studies that were conducted in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Data analyses were performed between November 2017 and February 2019. Using harmonized individual participant data, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for lung cancer risk associated with dietary fiber and yogurt intakes were estimated for each cohort by Cox regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Participants who had a history of cancer at enrollment or developed any cancer, died, or were lost to follow-up within 2 years after enrollment were excluded.ExposuresDietary fiber intake and yogurt consumption measured by validated instruments.Main outcomes and measuresIncident lung cancer, subclassified by histologic type (eg, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma).ResultsThe analytic sample included 627 988 men, with a mean (SD) age of 57.9 (9.0) years, and 817 862 women, with a mean (SD) age of 54.8 (9.7) years. During a median follow-up of 8.6 years, 18 822 incident lung cancer cases were documented. Both fiber and yogurt intakes were inversely associated with lung cancer risk after adjustment for status and pack-years of smoking and other lung cancer risk factors: hazard ratio, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.91) for the highest vs lowest quintile of fiber intake; and hazard ratio, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76-0.87) for high vs no yogurt consumption. The fiber or yogurt associations with lung cancer were significant in never smokers and were consistently observed across sex, race/ethnicity, and tumor histologic type. When considered jointly, high yogurt consumption with the highest quintile of fiber intake showed more than 30% reduced risk of lung cancer than nonyogurt consumption with the lowest quintile of fiber intake (hazard ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.61-0.73] in total study populations; hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.54-0.89] in never smokers), suggesting potential synergism.Conclusions and relevanceDietary fiber and yogurt consumption was associated with reduced risk of lung cancer after adjusting for known risk factors and among never smokers. Our findings suggest a potential protective role of prebiotics and probiotics against lung carcinogenesis.
| S-EPMC6813596 | biostudies-literature