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A gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention for amelioration of chronic inflammation underlying metabolic syndrome.

ABSTRACT: Chronic inflammation induced by endotoxin from a dysbiotic gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Modification of gut microbiota by a diet to balance its composition becomes a promising strategy to help manage obesity. A dietary scheme based on whole grains, traditional Chinese medicinal foods, and prebiotics (WTP diet) was designed to meet human nutritional needs as well as balance the gut microbiota. Ninety-three of 123 central obese volunteers (BMI ? 28 kg m(-2) ) completed a self-controlled clinical trial consisting of 9-week intervention on WTP diet followed by a 14-week maintenance period. The average weight loss reached 5.79 ± 4.64 kg (6.62 ± 4.94%), in addition to improvement in insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and blood pressure. Pyrosequencing of fecal samples showed that phylotypes related to endotoxin-producing opportunistic pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae were reduced significantly, while those related to gut barrier-protecting bacteria of Bifidobacteriaceae increased. Gut permeability, measured as lactulose/mannitol ratio, was decreased compared with the baseline. Plasma endotoxin load as lipopolysaccharide-binding protein was also significantly reduced, with concomitant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-?, interleukin-6, and an increase in adiponectin. These results suggest that modulation of the gut microbiota via dietary intervention may enhance the intestinal barrier integrity, reduce circulating antigen load, and ultimately ameliorate the inflammation and metabolic phenotypes.

SUBMITTER: Xiao S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4255291 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention for amelioration of chronic inflammation underlying metabolic syndrome.

Xiao Shuiming S Fei Na N Pang Xiaoyan X Shen Jian J Wang Linghua L Zhang Baorang B Zhang Menghui M Zhang Xiaojun X Zhang Chenhong C Li Min M Sun Lifeng L Xue Zhengsheng Z Wang Jingjing J Feng Jie J Yan Feiyan F Zhao Naisi N Liu Jiaqi J Long Wenmin W Zhao Liping L

FEMS microbiology ecology 20131021 2

Chronic inflammation induced by endotoxin from a dysbiotic gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Modification of gut microbiota by a diet to balance its composition becomes a promising strategy to help manage obesity. A dietary scheme based on whole grains, traditional Chinese medicinal foods, and prebiotics (WTP diet) was designed to meet human nutritional needs as well as balance the gut microbiota. Ninety-three of 123 central obese volunteers (B ...[more]

PMID: 24117923

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Project description:Despite improved understanding of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, explanations for individual variability in disease progression and response to treatment are incomplete. The gut microbiota has been linked to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and may account for this variability. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of dietary and physical activity/exercise interventions in modulating the gut microbiota and improving glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.A systematic search was conducted to identify studies reporting on the effect of dietary and physical activity/exercise interventions on the gut microbiota and glucose control in individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study characteristics, methodological quality and details relating to interventions were captured using a data-extraction form. Meta-analyses were conducted where sufficient data were available, and other results were reported narratively.Eight studies met the eligibility criteria of the systematic review. No studies were found that reported on the effects of physical activity/exercise on the gut microbiota and glucose control. However, studies reporting on dietary interventions showed that such interventions were associated with modifications to the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. There was a statistically significant improvement in HbA1c (standardised mean difference [SMD] -2.31 mmol/mol [95% CI -2.76, -1.85] [0.21%; 95% CI -0.26, -0.16]; I2?=?0%, p?<?0.01), but not in fasting blood glucose (SMD -0.25 mmol/l [95% CI -0.85, 0.35], I2?=?87%, p?>?0.05), fasting insulin (SMD -1.82 pmol/l [95% CI -7.23, 3.60], I2?=?54%, p?>?0.05) or HOMA-IR (SMD -0.15 [95% CI -0.63, 0.32], I2?=?69%, p?>?0.05) when comparing dietary interventions with comparator groups. There were no significant changes in the relative abundance of bacteria in the genera Bifidobacterium (SMD 1.29% [95% CI -4.45, 7.03], I2?=?33%, p?>?0.05), Roseburia (SMD -0.85% [95% CI -2.91, 1.21], I2?=?79%, p?>?0.05) or Lactobacillus (SMD 0.04% [95% CI -0.01, 0.09], I2?=?0%, p?>?0.05) when comparing dietary interventions with comparator groups. There were, however, other significant changes in the gut microbiota, including changes at various taxonomic levels, including phylum, family, genus and species, Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratios and changes in diversity matrices (? and ?). Dietary intervention had minimal or no effect on inflammation, short-chain fatty acids or anthropometrics.Dietary intervention was found to modulate the gut microbiota and improve glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although the results of the included studies are encouraging, this review highlights the need for further well-conducted interventional studies to inform the clinical use of dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota.

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A gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention for amelioration of chronic inflammation underlying metabolic syndrome.

Publications

A gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention for amelioration of chronic inflammation underlying metabolic syndrome.

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