Dataset Information

Respiratory health effects of airborne particulate matter: the role of particle size, composition, and oxidative potential-the RAPTES project.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Specific characteristics of particulate matter (PM) responsible for associations with respiratory health observed in epidemiological studies are not well established. High correlations among, and differential measurement errors of, individual components contribute to this uncertainty.

Objectives

We investigated which characteristics of PM have the most consistent associations with acute changes in respiratory function in healthy volunteers.

Methods

We used a semiexperimental design to accurately assess exposure. We increased exposure contrast and reduced correlations among PM characteristics by exposing volunteers at five different locations: an underground train station, two traffic sites, a farm, and an urban background site. Each of the 31 participants was exposed for 5 hr while exercising intermittently, three to seven times at different locations during March-October 2009. We measured PM10, PM2.5, particle number concentrations (PNC), absorbance, elemental/organic carbon, trace metals, secondary inorganic components, endotoxin content, gaseous pollutants, and PM oxidative potential. Lung function [FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec), FVC (forced vital capacity), FEF25-75 (forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of vital capacity), and PEF (peak expiratory flow)] and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) were measured before and at three time points after exposure. Data were analyzed with mixed linear regression.

Results

An interquartile increase in PNC (33,000 particles/cm3) was associated with an 11% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5, 17%] and 12% (95% CI: 6, 17%) FENO increase over baseline immediately and at 2 hr postexposure, respectively. A 7% (95% CI: 0.5, 14%) increase persisted until the following morning. These associations were robust and insensitive to adjustment for other pollutants. Similarly consistent associations were seen between FVC and FEV1 with PNC, NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), and NOx (nitrogen oxides).

Conclusions

Changes in PNC, NO2, and NOx were associated with evidence of acute airway inflammation (i.e., FENO) and impaired lung function. PM mass concentration and PM10 oxidative potential were not predictive of the observed acute responses.

SUBMITTER: Strak M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3440077 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Respiratory health effects of airborne particulate matter: the role of particle size, composition, and oxidative potential-the RAPTES project.

Strak Maciej M Janssen Nicole A H NA Godri Krystal J KJ Gosens Ilse I Mudway Ian S IS Cassee Flemming R FR Lebret Erik E Kelly Frank J FJ Harrison Roy M RM Brunekreef Bert B Steenhof Maaike M Hoek Gerard G

Environmental health perspectives 20120502 8

<h4>Background</h4>Specific characteristics of particulate matter (PM) responsible for associations with respiratory health observed in epidemiological studies are not well established. High correlations among, and differential measurement errors of, individual components contribute to this uncertainty.<h4>Objectives</h4>We investigated which characteristics of PM have the most consistent associations with acute changes in respiratory function in healthy volunteers.<h4>Methods</h4>We used a semi ...[more]

PMID: 22552951

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Project description:BackgroundAmbient particulate matter (PM) exposure is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To what extent such effects are different for PM obtained from different sources or locations is still unclear. This study investigated the in vitro toxicity of ambient PM collected at different sites in the Netherlands in relation to PM composition and oxidative potential.MethodPM was sampled at eight sites: three traffic sites, an underground train station, as well as a harbor, farm, steelworks, and urban background location. Coarse (2.5-10 ?m), fine (< 2.5 ?m) and quasi ultrafine PM (qUF; < 0.18 ?m) were sampled at each site. Murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) were exposed to increasing concentrations of PM from these sites (6.25-12.5-25-50-100 ?g/ml; corresponding to 3.68-58.8 ?g/cm2). Following overnight incubation, MTT-reduction activity (a measure of metabolic activity) and the release of pro-inflammatory markers (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, TNF-?; Interleukin-6, IL-6; Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2, MIP-2) were measured. The oxidative potential and the endotoxin content of each PM sample were determined in a DTT- and LAL-assay respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between the cellular responses and PM characteristics: concentration, site, size fraction, oxidative potential and endotoxin content.ResultsMost PM samples induced a concentration-dependent decrease in MTT-reduction activity and an increase in pro-inflammatory markers with the exception of the urban background and stop & go traffic samples. Fine and qUF samples of traffic locations, characterized by a high concentration of elemental and organic carbon, induced the highest pro-inflammatory activity. The pro-inflammatory response to coarse samples was associated with the endotoxin level, which was found to increase dramatically during a three-day sample concentration procedure in the laboratory. The underground samples, characterized by a high content of transition metals, showed the largest decrease in MTT-reduction activity. PM size fraction was not related to MTT-reduction activity, whereas there was a statistically significant difference in pro-inflammatory activity between Fine and qUF PM. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant negative association between PM oxidative potential and MTT-reduction activity.ConclusionThe response of RAW264.7 cells to ambient PM was markedly different using samples collected at various sites in the Netherlands that differed in their local PM emission sources. Our results are in support of other investigations showing that the chemical composition as well as oxidative potential are determinants of PM induced toxicity in vitro.

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Dataset Information

Respiratory health effects of airborne particulate matter: the role of particle size, composition, and oxidative potential-the RAPTES project.

Background

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Respiratory health effects of airborne particulate matter: the role of particle size, composition, and oxidative potential-the RAPTES project.

Similar Datasets

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