CXCR1/2 inhibition enhances pancreatic islet survival after transplantation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Citro A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3461913 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The promise of islet cell transplantation cannot be fully realized in the absence of improvements in engraftment of resilient islets. The marginal mass of islets surviving the serial peritransplant insults may lead to exhaustion and thereby contribute to an unacceptably high rate of intermediate and long-term graft loss. Hence, we have studied the effects of treatment with alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) in a syngeneic nonautoimmune islet graft model. A marginal number of syngeneic mouse islets were transplanted into nonautoimmune diabetic hosts and islet function was analyzed in control and AAT treated hosts. In untreated controls, marginal mass islet transplants did not restore euglycemia. Outcomes were dramatically improved by short-term AAT treatment. Transcriptional profiling identified 1,184 differentially expressed transcripts in AAT-treated hosts at 3 d posttransplantation. Systems-biology-based analysis revealed AAT down-regulated regulatory hubs formed by inflammation-related molecules (e.g., TNF-?, NF-?B). The conclusions yielded by the systems-biology analysis were rigorously confirmed by QRT-PCR and immunohistology. These data suggest that short-term AAT treatment of human islet transplant recipients may be worthy of a clinical trial.
| S-EPMC3458386 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β cells. The transplantation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) was reported to rescue the damaged pancreatic niche. However, there is an ongoing discussion on whether direct physical contact between MSC and pancreatic islets results in a superior outcome as opposed to indirect effects of soluble factors released from the MSC entrapped in the lung microvasculature after systemic administration. Hence, MSC were studied in direct contact (DC) and indirect contact (IDC) with murine pancreatic β cell line MIN6-cells damaged by nitrosourea derivative streptozotocin (STZ) in vitro. Further, the protective and antidiabetic outcome of MSC transplantation was evaluated through the intrapancreatic route (IPR) and intravenous route (IVR) in STZ-induced diabetic NMRI nude mice.MethodsMSC were investigated in culture with STZ-damaged MIN6-cells, either under direct contact (DC) or separated through a semi-permeable membrane (IDC). Moreover, multiple low doses of STZ were administered to NMRI nude mice for the induction of hyperglycemia. 0.5 × 106 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) were transferred through direct injection into the pancreas (IPR) or the tail vein (IVR), respectively. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected for the detection of proliferating islet cells in vivo, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for the measurement of the expression of growth factor and immunomodulatory genes in the murine pancreas and human MSC. Phosphorylation of AKT and ERK was analyzed with Western blotting.ResultsThe administration of MSC through IPR ameliorated hyperglycemia in contrast to IVR, STZ, and non-diabetic control in a 30-day window. IPR resulted in a higher number of replicating islet cells, number of islets, islet area, growth factor (EGF), and balancing of the Th1/Th2 response in vivo. Physical contact also provided a superior protection to MIN6-cells from STZ through the AKT and ERK pathway in vitro in comparison with IDC.ConclusionOur study suggests that the physical contact between MSC and pancreatic islet cells is required to fully unfold their protective potential.
| S-EPMC7881671 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Islet transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. However, oxidative stress-induced graft failure due to an insufficient revascularization is a major problem of this therapeutic approach. NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 is an important producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several studies have already reported that this enzyme plays a crucial role in the endocrine function and viability of β-cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting islet NOX2 improves the outcome of islet transplantation. To test this, we analyzed the cellular composition and viability of isolated wild-type (WT) and Nox2-/- islets by immunohistochemistry as well as different viability assays. Ex vivo, the effect of Nox2 deficiency on superoxide production, endocrine function and anti-oxidant protein expression was studied under hypoxic conditions. In vivo, we transplanted WT and Nox2-/- islets into mouse dorsal skinfold chambers and under the kidney capsule of diabetic mice to assess their revascularization and endocrine function, respectively. We found that the loss of NOX2 does not affect the cellular composition and viability of isolated islets. However, decreased superoxide production, higher glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as well as expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) was detected in hypoxic Nox2-/- islets when compared to WT islets. Moreover, we detected an early revascularization, a higher take rate and restoration of normoglycemia in diabetic mice transplanted with Nox2-/- islets. These findings indicate that the suppression of NOX2 activity represents a promising therapeutic strategy to improve engraftment and function of isolated islets.
| S-EPMC9357848 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The liver is the current site of choice for pancreatic islet transplantation, even though it is far from being ideal. We recently have shown in mice that the bone marrow (BM) may be a valid alternative to the liver, and here we report a pilot study to test feasibility and safety of BM as a site for islet transplantation in humans. Four patients who developed diabetes after total pancreatectomy were candidates for the autologous transplantation of pancreatic islet. Because the patients had contraindications for intraportal infusion, islets were infused in the BM. In all recipients, islets engrafted successfully as shown by measurable posttransplantation C-peptide levels and histopathological evidence of insulin-producing cells or molecular markers of endocrine tissue in BM biopsy samples analyzed during follow-up. Thus far, we have recorded no adverse events related to the infusion procedure or the presence of islets in the BM. Islet function was sustained for the maximum follow-up of 944 days. The encouraging results of this pilot study provide new perspectives in identifying alternative sites for islet infusion in patients with type 1 diabetes. Moreover, this is the first unequivocal example of successful engraftment of endocrine tissue in the BM in humans.
| S-EPMC3781459 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveReparixin is an inhibitor of CXCR1/2 chemokine receptor shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory adjuvant in a pilot clinical trial in allotransplant recipients.Research design and methodsA phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-assignment study (NCT01817959) was conducted in recipients of islet allotransplants randomized (2:1) to reparixin or placebo in addition to immunosuppression. Primary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC) for C-peptide during the mixed-meal tolerance test at day 75 ± 5 after the first and day 365 ± 14 after the last transplant. Secondary end points included insulin independence and standard measures of glycemic control.ResultsThe intention-to-treat analysis did not show a significant difference in C-peptide AUC at both day 75 (27 on reparixin vs. 18 on placebo, P = 0.99) and day 365 (24 on reparixin vs. 15 on placebo, P = 0.71). There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups at any time point for any secondary variable. Analysis of patient subsets showed a trend for a higher percentage of subjects retaining insulin independence for 1 year after a single islet infusion in patients receiving reparixin as compared with patients receiving placebo (26.7% vs. 0%, P = 0.09) when antithymocyte globulin was used as induction immunosuppression.ConclusionsIn this first double-blind randomized trial, islet transplantation data obtained with reparixin do not support a role of CXCR1/2 inhibition in preventing islet inflammation-mediated damage.
| S-EPMC7876579 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSES OF REVIEW:Extracellular matrix (ECM) components modulate the interaction between pancreatic islet cells. During the islet isolation prior to transplantation as treatment for type 1 diabetes, the ECM is disrupted impacting functional graft survival. Recently, strategies for restoring ECM have shown to improve transplantation outcomes. This review discusses the current therapeutic strategies to modulate ECM components to improve islet engraftment. RECENT FINDINGS:Approaches applied are seeding islets in ECM of decellularized organs, supplementation of specific ECM components in polymeric scaffolds or immunoisolating capsules, and stimulating islet ECM production with specific growth factors or ECM-producing cells. These strategies have shown success in improving functional islet survival. However, the same experiments show that caution should be taken as some ECM components may negatively impact islet function and engraftment. ECM restoration resulted in improved transplantation outcomes, but careful selection of beneficial ECM components and strategies is warranted.
| S-EPMC5960477 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Since the late 20th century, advances in pancreatic islet transplantation have targeted improved glycemic control and fewer hypoglycemic events in patients with type 1 diabetes, and some important milestones have been reached. Following the Edmonton group's success in achieving insulin independence in all transplanted patients with type 1 diabetes, clinical islet transplantation is now performed worldwide. ? cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes was established based on the favorable outcomes of a phase 3, prospective, open-label, single-arm, clinical study conducted at 8 centers in North America, in which 42 of 48 patients who underwent islet transplantation from 2008 to 2011 achieved HbA1c < 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) at day 365, which was maintained at 2 years in 34 patients. In Japan, a phase 2 multicenter clinical trial of islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes patients is currently ongoing and will end soon, but the interim results have already led to positive changes, with allogeneic islet transplantation being covered by the national health insurance system since April 2020. Current efforts are being made to solve the problem of donor shortage by studying alternative donor sources, such as porcine islets and pancreatic progenitor cells derived from pluripotent stem cells. The results of clinical trials in this area are eagerly awaited. It is hoped that they will contribute to establishing alternative sources for insulin-producing ? cells in the near future.
| S-EPMC7731068 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pancreatic islet transplantation provides an effective treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with intractable impaired awareness of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemic events. Currently, the primary goal of islet transplantation should be excellent glycemic control without severe hypoglycemia, rather than insulin independence. Islet transplant recipients were less likely to achieve insulin independence, whereas solid pancreas transplant recipients substantially had greater procedure-related morbidity. Excellent therapeutic effects of islet transplantation as a result of accurate blood glucose level-reactive insulin secretion, which cannot be reproduced by current drug therapy, have been confirmed. Recent improvement of islet transplantation outcome has been achieved by refinement of the pancreatic islet isolation technique, improvement of islet engraftment method, and introduction of effective immunosuppressive therapy. A disadvantage of islet transplantation is that donors are essential, and donor shortage has become a hindrance to its development. With the development of alternative transplantation sites and new cell sources, including porcine islet cells and embryonic stem/induced pluripotent stem (ES/iPS)-derived β cells, "On-demand" and "Unlimited" cell therapy for T1D can be established.
| S-EPMC6345654 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pancreas preservation is a major factor influencing the results of islet cell transplantation. This study evaluated the effects of 2 different solutions for pancreatic ductal perfusion (PDP) at organ procurement.Eighteen human pancreases were assigned to 3 groups: non-PDP (control), PDP with ET-Kyoto solution, and PDP with cold storage/purification stock solution. Pancreatic islets were isolated according to the modified Ricordi method.No significant differences in donor characteristics, including cold ischemia time, were observed between the 3 groups. All islet isolations in the PDP groups had more than 400,000 islet equivalence in total islet yield after purification, a significant increase when compared with the control (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01). The islet quality assessments, including an in vivo diabetic nude mice assay and the response of high-mobility group box protein 1 to cytokine stimulation, also showed no significant differences. The proportion of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells showing apoptosis in islets in the PDP groups was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05).Both ET-Kyoto solution and cold storage/purification stock solution are suitable for PDP and consistently resulted in isolation success. Further studies with a larger number of pancreas donors should be done to compare the effects of the PDP solutions.
| S-EPMC4396628 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pancreatic islet transplantation has become an established approach to ?-cell replacement therapy for the treatment of insulin-deficient diabetes. Recent progress in techniques for islet isolation, islet culture, and peritransplant management of the islet transplant recipient has resulted in substantial improvements in metabolic and safety outcomes for patients. For patients requiring total or subtotal pancreatectomy for benign disease of the pancreas, isolation of islets from the diseased pancreas with intrahepatic transplantation of autologous islets can prevent or ameliorate postsurgical diabetes, and for patients previously experiencing painful recurrent acute or chronic pancreatitis, quality of life is substantially improved. For patients with type 1 diabetes or insulin-deficient forms of pancreatogenic (type 3c) diabetes, isolation of islets from a deceased donor pancreas with intrahepatic transplantation of allogeneic islets can ameliorate problematic hypoglycemia, stabilize glycemic lability, and maintain on-target glycemic control, consequently with improved quality of life, and often without the requirement for insulin therapy. Because the metabolic benefits are dependent on the numbers of islets transplanted that survive engraftment, recipients of autoislets are limited to receive the number of islets isolated from their own pancreas, whereas recipients of alloislets may receive islets isolated from more than one donor pancreas. The development of alternative sources of islet cells for transplantation, whether from autologous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic tissues, is an active area of investigation that promises to expand access and indications for islet transplantation in the future treatment of diabetes.
| S-EPMC6424003 | biostudies-literature