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Characterisation of MRSA strains isolated from patients in a hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is spreading worldwide and poses a serious public health problem, being present in hospital settings and communities. However, from the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula few molecular typing data on MRSA strains are currently available. In order to obtain data on the population structure of MRSA in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 107 clinical and environmental MRSA isolates were genotyped using a microarray-based assay. RESULTS: Five major MRSA strains from four clonal complexes were identified CC8/ST239-III (20.75%), PVL-positive as well as -negative CC22-IV (18.87% and 9.43%, respectively), PVL-positive CC30-IV (12.26%) and PVL-positive CC80-IV (17.92%). Minor strains, which accounted for less than 3% each, included CC1-IV/SCCfus, PVL-positive CC1/ST772-V, PVL-positive as well as- negative CC5-IV, CC5-IV/SCCfus, CC5-V, CC6-IV, CC45-IV, PVL-negative CC80-IV, PVL-positive CC88-IV, CC97-V and a CC9/ST834-MRSA strain. CONCLUSIONS: Typing of MRSA strains from Riyadh revealed a high diversity of clonal complexes. The prevalence of the genes encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin was surprisingly high (54.21%), and a significant rate of resistance markers was detected also in strains considered as community-associated.

SUBMITTER: Monecke S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3464608 | biostudies-literature | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterisation of MRSA strains isolated from patients in a hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Monecke Stefan S Skakni Leila L Hasan Rami R Ruppelt Antje A Ghazal Sameeh S SS Hakawi Ahmed A Slickers Peter P Ehricht Ralf R

BMC microbiology 20120723

<h4>Background</h4>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is spreading worldwide and poses a serious public health problem, being present in hospital settings and communities. However, from the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula few molecular typing data on MRSA strains are currently available. In order to obtain data on the population structure of MRSA in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 107 clinical and environmental MRSA isolates were genotyped using a microarray-based assay.<h4>Results</ ...[more]

PMID: 22823982

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Project description:The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is an Islamic monarchy and was established in 1932. Saudi women first entered the medical field in 1975 and the country has since seen a steady increase in women pursuing medicine. However, there is limited data on gender related issues for women doctors practicing in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, our study objective was to assess the perception amongst peers regarding gender equality and social issues faced by women doctors in Saudi Arabia. An online anonymous cross-sectional survey was administered in English to doctors at King Khalid Hospital, affiliated to King Saud University, in Riyadh, between April and May of 2016. Of 1015 doctors, 304 (30%) participated, of which 129 (42.4%) were females and 231 (76%) were Saudi nationals. The average age was 32.4 years (±SD: 8.7). The majority opined that there was no gender discrimination in salaries (73.7% p-value = 0.4), hospital benefits (62.2% p-value = 0.06) or entry into any field of Medicine/Pediatrics (68.4% p-value = 0.207). However, only a minority believed that there was no gender discrimination for entry into surgery (37.3% p-value = .091). A higher proportion of male doctors agreed that promotion opportunities are equal (66.3% vs 45.7%, p-value = 0.002). However, of 54 consultants, only 18 (33.3%) were women. Over half of the women (52.3%) reported that they never wear the face veil. Only a minority of male and female doctors (12.2%) believed women doctors should wear the veil since they examine male patients. Fewer respondents believed that female doctors face harassment from male doctors (14.5%) whereas 30.7% believed female doctors face harassment from male patients. More females, than males, agreed with the statement that female doctors are as committed to their careers as are males (92.2% vs 67.4%, p-value<0.0001). Of 304 participants, 210 (69.1%) said that they would still choose to become a doctor with approximately equal proportions between males and females (68% vs 70.5%, p-value = 0.79). In conclusion, our survey of male and female doctors at a government university hospital in Saudi Arabia revealed that the majority believed there was gender equality amongst doctors in terms of salaries, benefits, opportunities for promotion and entry into any field of medicine or pediatrics, but not surgery. However, there were significantly fewer women at consultant positions, a deficiency that needs to be addressed.

Project description:During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, infection rates were high and symptoms were severe. Medical resources, including healthcare experts and hospital facilities, were put to the test to ensure their readiness to deal with this unique event. An intensive care unit (ICU) is expected to be required by many hospitalized patients. Many hospitals worldwide lacked resources during the pandemic's peak stages, particularly in critical care treatment. Because of this, there were issues with capacity, as well as an excessive influx of patients. Additionally, even though the research location provides medical care to a sizable population, there is a paucity of scientific data detailing the situation as it pertains to COVID-19 patients during the height of the outbreak. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and describe the features of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU of one of the multispecialty hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An observational retrospective study was conducted using a chart review of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between March 2020 and December 2020. To characterize the patients, descriptive statistics were utilized. An exploratory multivariate regression analysis was carried out on the study cohort to investigate the factors that were shown to be predictors of death and intubation. Only 333 (29.33%) of the 1135 samples from the hospital's medical records were used for the final analysis and interpretation. More than 76% of the patients in the study were male, with a mean BMI of 22.07 and an average age of around 49 years. The most frequent chronic condition found among the patients who participated in the study was diabetes (39.34%), followed by hypertension (31.53%). At the time of admission, 63 of the total 333 patients needed to have intubation performed. In total, 22 of the 333 patients died while undergoing therapy. People with both diabetes and hypertension had a 7.85-fold higher risk of death, whereas those with only diabetes or hypertension had a 5.43-fold and 4.21-fold higher risk of death, respectively. At admission, intubation was necessary for many male patients (49 out of 63). Most intubated patients had hypertension, diabetes, or both conditions. Only 13 of the 63 patients who had been intubated died, with the vast majority being extubated. Diabetes and hypertension were significant contributors to the severity of illness experienced by COVID-19 participants. The presence of multiple comorbidities had the highest risk for intubation and mortality among ICU-admitted patients. Although more intubated patients died, the fatality rate was lower than in other countries due to enhanced healthcare management at the ICU of the study center. However, large-scale trials are needed to determine how effective various strategies were in preventing ICU admission, intubation, and death rates.

Dataset Information

Characterisation of MRSA strains isolated from patients in a hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Publications

Characterisation of MRSA strains isolated from patients in a hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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