Apigenin inhibits NNK-induced focal adhesion kinase activation in pancreatic cancer cells.
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ABSTRACT: Tobacco-derived carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) activates ?-adrenergic receptor (?-AR) signaling through Src/focal adhesion kinases (FAKs)/mitogen-activated protein kinase to modulate proliferation, migration, and survival. Apigenin (4', 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone) is reported to attenuate proliferation and migration of cancer cells. This study was designed to determine the effects of apigenin on NNK-induced procarcinogenesis using human pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2, which express ?-AR.Proliferation and migration were assessed by standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and scratch assays. ?-AR, FAK/mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression and activation were assessed by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction.4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cell proliferation that was inhibited by propranolol or apigenin. 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone also stimulated a time-dependent increase in FAK and ERK activation that was suppressed by propranolol or apigenin. 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-enhanced gap closure at 24 hours was prevented by either propranolol or apigenin.Apigenin suppressed the effects of NNK on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration that are mediated through the ?-AR and its downstream signals FAK and ERK activation. These findings suggest a therapeutic role for this natural phytochemical in attenuating the procarcinogenic effects of NNK on pancreatic cancer proliferation and migration.
SUBMITTER: Pham H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3479318 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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