Dataset Information

Systematic review of birth cohort studies in South East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Few longitudinal studies of children have taken place in the developing world, despite child mortality being concentrated there. This review summarises the methodologies and main outcomes of longitudinal studies of pre-school children (0 to 59 months) in the World Health Organization's South East Asia (SEA) and Eastern Mediterranean (EM) Regions.

Methods

A systematic search of literature using pre-defined criteria revealed 7863 papers. After application of quality criteria, 120 studies were selected for analysis.

Results

The search revealed 83 studies in the SEA region and 37 in the EM region, of which 92 were community-based and 8 facility-based. Objectives were diverse but topics included growth (n?=?49 studies), mortality (n?=?28), nutrition (n?=?24), and infectious diseases (n?=?33). Only 12 studies focused on non-communicable diseases. Duration ranged from 7 to 384 months. Measurements included anthropometric (n?=?56 studies), socioeconomic (n?=?50) and biological sampling (n?=?25), but only one study was DNA-based.

Conclusion

Biobanks have emerged as the most successful approach to generating knowledge about disease causes and mechanisms. Little of this is possible to undertake in the in SEA or EM regions, however. Further longitudinal studies of young children with DNA sampling should be set up to better understand determinants of diseases in low-income countries.

SUBMITTER: McKinnon R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3484744 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Systematic review of birth cohort studies in South East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions.

McKinnon Rachel R Campbell Harry H

Journal of global health 20110601 1

<h4>Background</h4>Few longitudinal studies of children have taken place in the developing world, despite child mortality being concentrated there. This review summarises the methodologies and main outcomes of longitudinal studies of pre-school children (0 to 59 months) in the World Health Organization's South East Asia (SEA) and Eastern Mediterranean (EM) Regions.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic search of literature using pre-defined criteria revealed 7863 papers. After application of quality crite ...[more]

PMID: 23198103

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Project description:BackgroundIn the absence of definitive diagnosis, healthcare providers are likely to prescribe empirical antibacterials to those who test negative for malaria. This problem is of critical importance in Southern Asia (SA) and South-eastern Asia (SEA) where high levels of antimicrobial consumption and high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance have been reported. To improve management and guide further diagnostic test development, better understanding is needed of the true causative agents of fever and their geographical variability.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of published literature (1980-2015) to characterise the spectrum of pathogens causing non-malarial febrile illness in SA and SEA. We searched six databases in English and French languages: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health (CABI) database, WHO Global Health Library, PASCAL, and Bulletin de la Société Française de Parasitologie (BDSP). Selection criteria included reporting on an infection or infections with a confirmed diagnosis, defined as pathogens detected in or cultured from samples from normally sterile sites, or serological evidence of current or past infection.ResultsA total of 29,558 records from 19 countries in SA and SEA were screened, of which 2410 (8.1%) met the selection criteria. Bacterial aetiologies were reported in 1235 (51.2%) articles, viral in 846 (35.1%), parasitic in 132 (5.5%), and fungal in 54 (2.2%), and 143 (6.0%) articles reported more than one pathogen group. In descending order of frequency, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus were the commonly reported bacteria, while dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus were common viral pathogens reported. Reports of rarely reported or emerging pathogens included a case report of Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) in India in 2010 and reports of Nipah virus in Singapore and India.ConclusionsThis review summarises the reported non-malaria pathogens that may cause febrile illness in SA and SEA. The findings emphasise the need of standardising the reporting of aetiological studies to develop effective, evidence-based fever management and improved surveillance. Research and development of diagnostic tools would benefit from up-to-date epidemiological reporting of the regional diversities of non-malaria fever aetiologies.Trial registrationPROSPERO registration, CRD42016049281.

Project description:AbstractWe report the haematological parameters and molecular characterization of beta zero (β°) South East Asia (SEA) deletion in the HBB gene cluster with unusually high levels of Hb F compared to a classical heterozygous beta zero (β°)-thalassaemia.MethodsRetrospective study on 17 cases of (β°) South East Asia (SEA) deletion from 2016 to 2019 referred to Institute for Medical Research were conducted. The clinical information and haematological profiles were evaluated. The mutation was analyzed, and the results were compared with other β°-thalassaemia groups. For HBB gene genotyping, all the cases were subjected for multiplex gap-PCR, 5 cases were subjected for HBB gene sequencing for exclusion of compound heterozygous with other beta variants. Co-inheritance of α-thalassaemia were determined using multiplex gap-PCR and multiplex ARMS-PCR.ResultsSeventeen cases were positive for β°-thal SEA deletion. Fifteen cases were heterozygous and two were compound heterozygous for β°-thal SEA deletion. The results were compared with 182 cases of various heterozygous β° deletions and mutations. The mean Hb for heterozygous β°-thal SEA deletion (13.44 ± 1.45 g/dl) was normal and significantly higher than heterozygous IVS 1-1 and Codon 41/42 (post hoc test, p < 0.05). The medians for the MCV and MCH of β°-thal SEA deletion were significantly higher than for all heterozygote β°-thalassaemia traits (Mann Whitney test, p < 0.05). Patients with β°-thal SEA deletion had elevated levels of Hb A2 consistent with β-thalassaemia traits, with Hb F levels consistent with HPFH or δβ-thalassaemia carriers. The median for Hb A2 was 4.00 + 1.00%, similar to that observed in other β°-thalassaemia groups except for IVS 1-1 mutation (median 5.30 + 0.45%) and β°-Filipino (∼45 kb deletion) deletion (median 6.00 + 0.58). Interestingly, we found that Hb F levels for β°-thal SEA deletion were statistically higher than other β°-thalassaemia mutations (median 19.00 + 5.50%, p < 0.05), except for the β°-thal 3.5 kb deletion group.ConclusionWe conclude that β°-thal SEA deletion has a unique haematological parameters of beta zero thalassaemia trait. We affirm to classifying this deletion as SEA-HPFH based on previous studies considering the phenotype features rather than the molecular defect of β°-thal SEA deletion, as this will make it easier to offer genetic counselling to affected individuals.

Project description:Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are among the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTD) worldwide. Since the publication of the WHO road map to combat NTD in 2012, there has been a renewed commitment to control STH. In this study, we analysed the geographical distribution and effect of community type on prevalence of hookworm, Trichuris and Ascaris in south Asia and south east Asia.Methodology: We conducted a systematic review of open-access literature published in PubMed Central and the Global Atlas of Helminth Infection. A total of 4182 articles were available and after applying selection criteria, 174 studies from the region were retained for analysis.Principal findings: Ascaris was the commonest STH identified with an overall prevalence of 18% (95% CI, 14-23%) followed by Trichuris (14%, 9-19%) and hookworm (12%, 9-15%). Hookworm prevalence was highest in Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia. We found a geographical overlap in countries with high prevalence rates for Trichuris and Ascaris (Malaysia, Philippines, Myanmar, Vietnam and Bangladesh). When the effect of community type was examined, prevalence rates of hookworm was comparable in rural (19%, 14-24%) and tribal communities (14%, 10-19%). Tribal communities, however, showed higher prevalence of Trichuris (38%, 18-63%) and Ascaris (32%, 23-43%) than rural communities (13%, 9-20% and 14%, 9-20% respectively). Considerable between and within country heterogeneity in the distribution of STH (I2 >90%) was also noted. When available data from school aged children (SAC) were analysed, prevalence of Ascaris (25% 16-31%) and Trichuris (22%, 14-34%) were higher than among the general population while that of hookworm (10%, 7-16%) was comparable.Conclusions/significance: Our analysis showed significant variation in prevalence rates between and within countries in the region. Highlighting the importance of community type in prevalence and species mix, we showed that tribal and rural communities had higher hookworm infections than urban communities and for ascariasis and trichuriasis, tribal populations had higher levels of infection than rural populations. We also found a higher prevalence of ascariasis and trichuriasis in SAC compared to the general population but comparable levels of hookworm infections. These key findings need to be taken into account in planning future MDA and other interventions.

Dataset Information

Systematic review of birth cohort studies in South East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Systematic review of birth cohort studies in South East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions.

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