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Magnetic resonance lymphangiography with a nano-sized gadolinium-labeled dendrimer in small and large animal models.

ABSTRACT: AIM:Imaging of the lymphatic system is critical in preoperative planning of resections of complex lymphatic malformations. However, safe, effective imaging methods with sufficient resolution to identify the lymphatics have been lacking. In this study, we demonstrate the use of gadolinium-labeled dendrimers to image the lymphatics in small and large animal models during magnetic resonance lymphangiography. METHODS:Polyamidoamine G6-Gd_1B4M_N-hydroxysuccinimide was synthesized and administered intradermally in the extremities of normal mice and pigs at several doses. RESULTS:The lymphatics were well demonstrated in both animal models and there was rapid uptake in the deep lymphatic system, including the thoracic duct. A significant dose reduction was achieved (1 µmol Gd/kg) in the 35-kg pig compared with mice, while still producing excellent results. No toxicity was observed and only minor inflammatory changes were observed at the injection site 30 days later. CONCLUSION:We demonstrate that a low dose of a macromolecular magnetic resonance contrast agent can provide rapid imaging of the deep lymphatic system in both small and large animals. This data provides a basis to consider a similar agent in clinical trials.

SUBMITTER: Sena LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3489937 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Magnetic resonance lymphangiography with a nano-sized gadolinium-labeled dendrimer in small and large animal models.

Sena Laureen M LM Fishman Steven J SJ Jenkins Kathy J KJ Xu Heng H Brechbiel Martin W MW Regino Celeste A S CA Kosaka Nobuyuki N Bernardo Marcelino M Choyke Peter L PL Kobayashi Hisataka H

Nanomedicine (London, England) 20101001 8

<h4>Aim</h4>Imaging of the lymphatic system is critical in preoperative planning of resections of complex lymphatic malformations. However, safe, effective imaging methods with sufficient resolution to identify the lymphatics have been lacking. In this study, we demonstrate the use of gadolinium-labeled dendrimers to image the lymphatics in small and large animal models during magnetic resonance lymphangiography.<h4>Methods</h4>Polyamidoamine G6-Gd_1B4M_N-hydroxysuccinimide was synthesized and a ...[more]

PMID: 21039196

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Project description:BackgroundClinical examination and lymphoscintigraphy are the current standard for investigating lymphatic function. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) facilitates three-dimensional (3D), nonionizing imaging of the lymphatic vasculature, including functional assessments of lymphatic flow, and may improve diagnosis and treatment planning in disease states such as lymphedema.PurposeTo summarize the role of MRI as a noninvasive technique to assess lymphatic drainage and highlight areas in need of further study.Study typeSystematic review.PopulationIn October 2019, a systematic literature search (PubMed) was performed to identify articles on magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL).Field strength/sequenceNo field strength or sequence restrictions.AssessmentArticle quality assessment was conducted using a bespoke protocol, designed with heavy reliance on the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for case series studies and Downs and Blacks quality checklist for health care intervention studies.Statistical testsThe results of the original research articles are summarized.ResultsFrom 612 identified articles, 43 articles were included and their protocols and results summarized. Field strength was 1.5 or 3.0 T in all studies, with 25/43 (58%) employing 3.0 T imaging. Most commonly, imaging of the peripheries, upper and lower limbs including the pelvis (32/43, 74%), and the trunk (10/43, 23%) is performed, including two studies covering both regions. Imaging protocols were heterogenous; however, T2 -weighted and contrast-enhanced T1 -weighted images are routinely acquired and demonstrate the lymphatic vasculature. Edema, vessel, quantity and morphology, and contrast uptake characteristics are commonly reported indicators of lymphatic dysfunction.Data conclusionMRL is uniquely placed to yield large field of view, qualitative and quantitative, 3D imaging of the lymphatic vasculature. Despite study heterogeneity, consensus is emerging regarding MRL protocol design. MRL has the potential to dramatically improve understanding of the lymphatics and detect disease, but further optimization, and research into the influence of study protocol differences, is required before this is fully realized.Level of evidence2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Dataset Information

Magnetic resonance lymphangiography with a nano-sized gadolinium-labeled dendrimer in small and large animal models.

Publications

Magnetic resonance lymphangiography with a nano-sized gadolinium-labeled dendrimer in small and large animal models.

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