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Engineering biosensors with extended, narrowed, or arbitrarily edited dynamic range.

ABSTRACT: Biomolecular recognition has long been an important theme in artificial sensing technologies. A current limitation of protein- and nucleic acid-based recognition, however, is that the useful dynamic range of single-site binding typically spans an 81-fold change in target concentration, an effect that limits the utility of biosensors in applications calling for either great sensitivity (a steeper relationship between target concentration and output signal) or the quantification of more wide-ranging concentrations. In response, we have adapted strategies employed by nature to modulate the input-output response of its biorecognition systems to rationally edit the useful dynamic range of an artificial biosensor. By engineering a structure-switching mechanism to tune the affinity of a receptor molecule, we first generated a set of receptor variants displaying similar specificities but different target affinities. Using combinations of these receptor variants (signaling and nonsignaling), we then rationally extended (to 900000-fold), narrowed (to 5-fold), and edited (three-state) the normally 81-fold dynamic range of a representative biosensor. We believe that these strategies may be widely applicable to technologies reliant on biorecognition.

SUBMITTER: Vallee-Belisle A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3522460 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Engineering biosensors with extended, narrowed, or arbitrarily edited dynamic range.

Vallée-Bélisle Alexis A Ricci Francesco F Plaxco Kevin W KW

Journal of the American Chemical Society 20120206 6

Biomolecular recognition has long been an important theme in artificial sensing technologies. A current limitation of protein- and nucleic acid-based recognition, however, is that the useful dynamic range of single-site binding typically spans an 81-fold change in target concentration, an effect that limits the utility of biosensors in applications calling for either great sensitivity (a steeper relationship between target concentration and output signal) or the quantification of more wide-rangi ...[more]

PMID: 22239688

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Project description:Introduction: The multi-copied genes coding for the human 18, 5.8, and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are located in five pairs of acrocentric chromosomes forming so-called rDNA. Human genome contains unmethylated, slightly methylated, and hypermethylated copies of rDNA. The major research question: What is the rDNA copy number (rDNA CN) and the content of hypermethylated rDNA as a function of age? Materials and Methods: We determined the rDNA CN in the blood leukocyte genomes of 651 subjects aged 17 to 91 years. The subjects were divided into two subgroups: "elderly" group (E-group, N = 126) - individuals over 72 years of age (the age of the population's mean lifetime for Russia) and "non-elderly" group (NE-group, N = 525). The hypermethylated rDNA content was determined in the 40 DNA samples from the each group. The change in rDNA during replicative cell senescence was studied for the cultured skin fibroblast lines of five subjects from NE-group. Non-radioactive quantitative dot- and blot-hybridization techniques (NQH) were applied. Results: In the subjects from the E-group the mean rDNA CN was the same, but the range of variation was narrower compared to the NE-group: a range of 272 to 541 copies in E-group vs. 200 to 711 copies in NE-group. Unlike NE-group, the E-group genomes contained almost no hypermethylated rDNA copies. A case study of cultured skin fibroblasts from five subjects has shown that during the replicative senescence the genome lost hypermethylated rDNA copies only. Conclusion: In the elderly group, the mean rDNA CN is the same, but the range of variation is narrower compared with the younger subjects. During replicative senescence, the human fibroblast genome loses hypermethylated copies of rDNA. Two hypotheses were put forward: (1) individuals with either very low or very high rDNA content in their genomes do not survive till the age of the population's mean lifetime; and/or (2) during the aging, the human genome eliminates hypermethylated copies of rDNA.

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Engineering biosensors with extended, narrowed, or arbitrarily edited dynamic range.

Publications

Engineering biosensors with extended, narrowed, or arbitrarily edited dynamic range.

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