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Incorporating deep and shallow components of genetic structure into the management of Alaskan red king crab.

ABSTRACT: Observed patterns of genetic variability among marine populations are shaped not only by contemporary levels of gene flow, but also by divergences during historical isolations. We examined variability at 15 SNP loci and in mtDNA sequences (COI, 665 bp) in red king crab from 17 localities in the North Pacific. These markers define three geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (SNPs, F(CT) = 0.054; mtDNA ?(CT) = 0.222): (i) Okhotsk Sea-Norton Sound-Aleutian Islands, (ii) southeastern Bering Sea-western Gulf of Alaska, and (iii) Southeast Alaska. Populations in the Bering Sea and in Southeast Alaska are genetically heterogeneous, but populations in the center of the range are homogeneous. Mitochondrial DNA diversity drops from h = 0.91 in the northwestern Pacific to h = 0.24 in the Southeast Alaska. Bayesian skyline plots (BSPs) indicate postglacial population expansions, presumably from ice-age refugia. BSPs of sequences simulated under a demographic model defined by late Pleistocene temperatures failed to detect demographic variability before the last glacial maximum. These results sound a note of caution for the interpretation of BSPs. Population fragmentation in the Bering Sea and in Southeast Alaskan waters requires population management on a small geographic scale, and deep evolutionary partitions between the three geographic groups mandate regional conservation measures.

SUBMITTER: Grant WS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3552400 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Incorporating deep and shallow components of genetic structure into the management of Alaskan red king crab.

Grant William Stewart WS Cheng Wei W

Evolutionary applications 20121201 8

Observed patterns of genetic variability among marine populations are shaped not only by contemporary levels of gene flow, but also by divergences during historical isolations. We examined variability at 15 SNP loci and in mtDNA sequences (COI, 665 bp) in red king crab from 17 localities in the North Pacific. These markers define three geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (SNPs, F(CT) = 0.054; mtDNA Φ(CT) = 0.222): (i) Okhotsk Sea-Norton Sound-Aleutian Islands, (ii) southeastern Bering ...[more]

PMID: 23346227

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Project description:1. The properties of fructose diphosphatase from skeletal muscle of the Alaskan king-crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were examined over the physiological temperature range of the animal. 2. King-crab muscle fructose diphosphatase is first activated by Na(+) and NH(4) (+) and is then partially inhibited by these cations at concentrations higher than 10mm at 0 degrees , 8 degrees and 15 degrees C. Enzyme activity is stimulated by K(+) at 0 degrees C, but is curtailed at 8 degrees C and 15 degrees C, an effect that could render rate independent of temperature. 3. Affinity for substrate increases with decreasing temperature; below the temperature of acclimatization, K(m) for fructose 1,6-diphosphate increases, resulting in a complex U-shaped temperature-K(m) curve. 4. King-crab muscle fructose diphosphatase is inhibited by low concentrations of AMP. As with enzymes of other poikilotherms, inhibition by AMP is sensitive to temperature; the enzyme is least sensitive to inhibition by AMP near the temperature of acclimatization. 5. The affinity of fructose diphosphatase for fructose 1,6-diphosphate is enhanced by phosphoenolpyruvate, and this activation is temperature-sensitive; 0.5mm-phosphoenolpyruvate causes a sevenfold decrease in K(m) for fructose 1,6-diphosphate at 15 degrees C but a 25-fold decrease at 0 degrees C. 6. Phosphoenolpyruvate appears to decrease the affinity of king-crab muscle fructose diphosphatase for AMP at low temperature, whereas at the higher temperature it appears to enhance inhibition by AMP. Phosphoenolpyruvate was not observed to cause a reversal of inhibition of fructose diphosphatase activity by AMP. The identification of phosphoenolpyruvate as an activator of a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis permits the suggestion of a coupling of the controlling mechanisms of several steps in the glycolytic and gluconeogenic chains. 7. These findings suggest mechanisms for the maintenance and regulation of control of fructose diphosphatase activity in king-crab skeletal muscle at low temperature and under conditions that favour concomitant activity of phosphofructokinase.

Dataset Information

Incorporating deep and shallow components of genetic structure into the management of Alaskan red king crab.

Publications

Incorporating deep and shallow components of genetic structure into the management of Alaskan red king crab.

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