β-elimination of hyaluronate by red king crab hyaluronidase
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sliadovskii D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8604925 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:De novo transcriptome assemblies of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) molting gland and eyestalk ganglia
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Project description:Spatial distributions of fished species must be well characterized to avoid local depletions, identify critical habitat, and predict and mitigate interactions with other fisheries. The Bristol Bay red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) fishery is one of the largest crab fisheries in Alaska. Summer crab distributions have been well documented by decades of bottom trawl surveys. However, crab movement and distribution are poorly understood outside the summer survey period, which creates several management challenges. One important component of fishery management is the existence of no-trawl zones, which are intended to protect crab from bottom trawl fisheries. However, it is difficult to evaluate the placement of no-trawl zones, because most crab bycatch occurs in trawl fisheries during winter when crab distributions are unknown. Daily fishing logs, kept by skippers in the red king crab fleet since 2005, contain detailed information on the spatial distribution of catch and effort of legal sized male crab during the autumn crab fishery. However, data contained in these hand-written logbooks have not been readily accessible. We digitized daily fishing logs from 2005 to 2016 and used spatial information on catch and effort to infer geographic distributions of legal sized male king crab during the crab fishing season. Changes in distribution were tracked across this 12-yr period and comparisons were made between warm and cold temperature regimes. In warm years (2005, 2014-2016), crab aggregated in the center of Bristol Bay, Alaska, while in cold years (2007-2013) they were closer to the Alaska Peninsula. The majority of crab were caught in no-trawl areas (63.4% on average), but variations occurred among years and with temperature regime (40.0-86.8% in no-trawl zones). As temperatures continue to shift in the Bering Sea, it will be important to continue monitoring crab distributions outside the summer survey period.
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Project description:The digestive gland of craboids (hepatopancreas) is rich in a huge number of various enzymes (collagenases, nucleases, hyaluronidases, proteases), which are well studied at the moment. However, little is known about crustacean lipases. In this work, using 1H NMR spectroscopy, it was found that the hepatopancreas homogenate of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus demonstrates high lipolytic activity against triacetin in a wide pH range and shows moderate activity against the caprylic/capric triglyceride emulsion. Under the action of the hepatopancreas homogenate, triacylglycerols are converted into 1,2-diacylglycerol, and then into 2-monoacylglycerol and 1-monoacylglycerol. The 1-monoacylglycerol predominates in the reaction products. The use of NMR spectroscopy makes it possible to quickly detect hydrolysis products and evaluate the reaction direction.
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Project description:In this study, several methods were used to analyze the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based cosmetic fillers by the hepatopancreas homogenate of the Red king crab. The results show that the homogenate and commercially available hyaluronidases have similar hydrolysis activities on the fillers. Atomic force microscopy images reveal that the HA fillers consist mainly of spherical-like particles, which are converted into filamentous structures as a result of hydrolysis by the Red king crab hepatopancreas homogenate. Turbidimetric analysis of the hydrolysis process shows that HA aggregation with acidic albumin exhibits a bell-shaped dependence on reaction time. Analysis of the hydrolysis process by nuclear magnetic resonance shows that HA degradation lasts several days. The maximum rate of the reaction is detected in the 1st h of incubation. The data confirm that the purified homogenate of the Red king crab hepatopancreas exerts hyaluronidase activity on HA-based cosmetic fillers; therefore, it may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for treating filler complications.
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Project description:Acoustic telemetry allows for high-resolution, long-term tracking of moving animals. Here, we describe data on the movement patterns of 37 adult red king crab (RKC, Paralithodes camtschaticus) obtained by means of acoustic telemetry. Acoustically tagged RKC were released in Gamvikfjorden (Sørøya, northern Norway) the 24th of May 2016 and tracked until the 1st of November 2016. Individual crabs resided in the fjord for 1-162 days and were recorded 16 - 11,501 times (mean number of records per crab: 2,851). In total, the data set consist of 105,484 pairs of accurate spatio-temporal coordinates. The acoustic receivers (n = 38) deployed close to the seabed were integrated with temperature sensors that continuously recorded the ambient seawater temperature, resulting in 174,154 water temperature recordings. These novel tracking data can be used to investigate the species' migratory behaviour, spatio-temporal habitat selection, and the relative role of their environment and their possible food sources. Moreover, the high-resolution seawater temperature dataset may serve independently as input data in physical-oceanographic models of this sub-Arctic sill fjord.
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Project description:Observed patterns of genetic variability among marine populations are shaped not only by contemporary levels of gene flow, but also by divergences during historical isolations. We examined variability at 15 SNP loci and in mtDNA sequences (COI, 665 bp) in red king crab from 17 localities in the North Pacific. These markers define three geographically distinct evolutionary lineages (SNPs, F(CT) = 0.054; mtDNA Φ(CT) = 0.222): (i) Okhotsk Sea-Norton Sound-Aleutian Islands, (ii) southeastern Bering Sea-western Gulf of Alaska, and (iii) Southeast Alaska. Populations in the Bering Sea and in Southeast Alaska are genetically heterogeneous, but populations in the center of the range are homogeneous. Mitochondrial DNA diversity drops from h = 0.91 in the northwestern Pacific to h = 0.24 in the Southeast Alaska. Bayesian skyline plots (BSPs) indicate postglacial population expansions, presumably from ice-age refugia. BSPs of sequences simulated under a demographic model defined by late Pleistocene temperatures failed to detect demographic variability before the last glacial maximum. These results sound a note of caution for the interpretation of BSPs. Population fragmentation in the Bering Sea and in Southeast Alaskan waters requires population management on a small geographic scale, and deep evolutionary partitions between the three geographic groups mandate regional conservation measures.
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Project description:Endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient factors of innate immunity, which are produced by all multicellular organisms and play a key role in their protection against infection. Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus), also called Kamchatka crab, is widely distributed and the best known species of all king crabs belonging to the family Lithodidae. Despite their economic importance, the genetic resources of king crabs are scarcely known and no full-genome sequences are available to date. Therefore, analysis of the red king crab transcriptome and identification and characterization of its AMPs could potentially contribute to the development of novel antimicrobial drug candidates when antibiotic resistance has become a global health threat. In this study, we sequenced the P. camtschaticus transcriptomes from carapace, tail flap and leg tissues using an Illumina NGS platform. Libraries were systematically analyzed for gene expression profiles along with AMP prediction. By an in silico approach using public databases we defined 49 cDNAs encoding for AMP candidates belonging to diverse families and functional classes, including buforins, crustins, paralithocins, and ALFs (anti-lipopolysaccharide factors). We analyzed expression patterns of 27 AMP genes. The highest expression was found for Paralithocin 1 and Crustin 3, with more than 8,000 reads. Other paralithocins, ALFs, crustins and ubiquicidins were among medium expressed genes. This transcriptome data set and AMPs provide a solid baseline for further functional analysis in P. camtschaticus. Results from the current study contribute also to the future application of red king crab as a bio-resource in addition to its being a known seafood delicacy.
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Project description:Paralithodes camtschaticus larval transcriptome assembly
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