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Biopolymer-based nanoparticles for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering.

ABSTRACT: There has been a great interest in application of nanoparticles as biomaterials for delivery of therapeutic molecules such as drugs and genes, and for tissue engineering. In particular, biopolymers are suitable materials as nanoparticles for clinical application due to their versatile traits, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Biopolymers are polymers that are produced from living organisms, which are classified in three groups: polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. It is important to control particle size, charge, morphology of surface and release rate of loaded molecules to use biopolymer-based nanoparticles as drug/gene delivery carriers. To obtain a nano-carrier for therapeutic purposes, a variety of materials and preparation process has been attempted. This review focuses on fabrication of biocompatible nanoparticles consisting of biopolymers such as protein (silk, collagen, gelatin, ?-casein, zein and albumin), protein-mimicked polypeptides and polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate, pullulan, starch and heparin). The effects of the nature of the materials and the fabrication process on the characteristics of the nanoparticles are described. In addition, their application as delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs and genes and biomaterials for tissue engineering are also reviewed.

SUBMITTER: Nitta SK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3565338 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biopolymer-based nanoparticles for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering.

Nitta Sachiko Kaihara SK Numata Keiji K

International journal of molecular sciences 20130114 1

There has been a great interest in application of nanoparticles as biomaterials for delivery of therapeutic molecules such as drugs and genes, and for tissue engineering. In particular, biopolymers are suitable materials as nanoparticles for clinical application due to their versatile traits, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Biopolymers are polymers that are produced from living organisms, which are classified in three groups: polysaccharides, proteins and nuc ...[more]

PMID: 23344060

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Project description:Temporally and spatially controlled delivery of growth factors in polymeric scaffolds is crucial for engineering composite tissue structures, such as osteochondral constructs. In the present study, microsphere-mediated growth factor delivery in polymer scaffolds and its impact on osteochondral differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was evaluated. Two growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I), were incorporated as a single concentration gradient or reverse gradient combining two factors in the scaffolds. To assess the gradient making system and the delivery efficiency of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and silk fibroin microspheres, initially an alginate gel was fabricated into a cylinder shape with microspheres incorporated as gradients. Compared to PLGA microspheres, silk microspheres were more efficient in delivering rhBMP-2, probably due to sustained release of the growth factor, while less efficient in delivering rhIGF-I, likely due to loading efficiency. The growth factor gradients formed were shallow, inducing non-gradient trends in hMSC osteochondral differentiation. Aqueous-derived silk porous scaffolds were used to incorporate silk microspheres using the same gradient process. Both growth factors formed deep and linear concentration gradients in the scaffold, as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After seeding with hMSCs and culturing for 5 weeks in a medium containing osteogenic and chondrogenic components, hMSCs exhibited osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation along the concentration gradients of rhBMP-2 in the single gradient of rhBMP-2 and reverse gradient of rhBMP-2/rhIGF-I, but not the rhIGF-I gradient system, confirming that silk microspheres were more efficient in delivering rhBMP-2 than rhIGF-I for hMSCs osteochondrogenesis. This novel silk microsphere/scaffold system offers a new option for the delivery of multiple growth factors with spatial control in a 3D culture environment for both understanding natural tissue growth process and in vitro engineering complex tissue constructs.

Dataset Information

Biopolymer-based nanoparticles for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering.

Publications

Biopolymer-based nanoparticles for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering.

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