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Combined chemical and genetic approach to inhibit proteolysis by the proteasome.

ABSTRACT: Regulated protein destruction by the proteasome is crucial for the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis. Much of our understanding of proteasome function stems from the use of drugs that inhibit its activity. Curiously, despite the importance of proteasomal proteolysis, previous studies have found that proliferation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is relatively resistant to the effects of proteasome inhibitors such as MG132, even in the presence of mutations that increase inhibitor levels in cells. We reasoned that part of the resistance of S. cerevisiae to proteasome inhibitors stems from the fact that most proteasome inhibitors preferentially target the chymotryptic activity of the proteasome, and that the caspase-like and tryptic sites within the 20S core could compensate for proteasome function under these conditions. To test this hypothesis, we generated a strain of yeast in which the gene encoding the drug efflux pump Pdr5 is deleted, and the tryptic and caspase-like proteasome activities are inactivated by mutation. We find that this strain has dramatically increased sensitivity to the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Under these conditions, treatment of yeast with MG132 blocks progression through the cell cycle, increases the accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins and decreases the ability to induce transcription of certain genes. These results highlight the contribution of the caspase-like and tryptic activities of the proteasome to its function, and provide a strategy to potently block proteasomal proteolysis in yeast that has practical applications.

SUBMITTER: Collins GA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3566228 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Combined chemical and genetic approach to inhibit proteolysis by the proteasome.

Collins Galen A GA Gomez Tara Adele TA Deshaies Raymond J RJ Tansey William P WP

Yeast (Chichester, England) 20101101 11

Regulated protein destruction by the proteasome is crucial for the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis. Much of our understanding of proteasome function stems from the use of drugs that inhibit its activity. Curiously, despite the importance of proteasomal proteolysis, previous studies have found that proliferation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is relatively resistant to the effects of proteasome inhibitors such as MG132, even in the presence of mutations that increase inhibitor l ...[more]

PMID: 20625982

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Project description:We showed previously that rat cytochrome P450 CYP2B1 undergoes NO-dependent proteasomal degradation in response to inflammatory stimuli, and that the related human enzyme CYP2B6 is also down-regulated by NO in primary human hepatocytes. To investigate the mechanism of CYP2B6 down-regulation, we made several cell lines (HeLa and HuH7 cells) in which native CYP2B6 or CYP2B6 with a C-terminal V5 tag (CYP2B6V5) are expressed from a lentiviral vector with a cytomegalovirus promoter. Native CYP2B6 protein was rapidly down-regulated in HeLa cells within 3h of treatment with the NO donor (Z)-1-[2-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate, while its mRNA level was not down-regulated. Treatment of the cells with the NO donor (Z)-1-[N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-(3-ammoniopropyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate also resulted in rapid down-regulation of CYP2B6 activity, measured as the formation of 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin, as well as 2B6 protein in the CYP2B6 HeLa cell line. CYP2B6V5 was also down-regulated by NO donors in HuH7 cells. Down-regulation was observed in the presence of cycloheximide, demonstrating that this occurs via a post-translational mechanism. We generated a HeLa cell line expressing both CYP2B6V5 and human nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), the latter under positive control by tetracycline. The cellular NO produced by doxycycline treatment also effectively down-regulated CYP2B6 protein, which was blocked by the co-treatment with the NOS2 competitive inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). We next investigated the proteolytic enzymes responsible for NO-dependent CYP2B6 degradation. Neither calpain inhibitors (N-Acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-norleucinal, carbobenzoxy-valinyl-phenylalaninal), nor lysosomal protease inhibitors (3-methyladenine and chloroquine) inhibited the NO dependent CYP2B6V5 down-regulation. The proteasome inhibitors MG132 and bortezomib attenuated, but did not completely block the NO-induced down-regulation in the HuH7 cell line. However, when cells were co-treated with NO donor and proteasome inhibitors, high molecular mass species could be detected on native CYP2B6 as well as CYP2B6V5 Western blots. Further investigation demonstrated that CYP2B6 protein was polyubiquitinated and this was dramatically enhanced by co-treatment with NO donor and bortezomib. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CYP2B6 is down-regulated in an NO-dependent manner via ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.

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Combined chemical and genetic approach to inhibit proteolysis by the proteasome.

Publications

Combined chemical and genetic approach to inhibit proteolysis by the proteasome.

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