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AHP6 inhibits cytokinin signaling to regulate the orientation of pericycle cell division during lateral root initiation.

ABSTRACT: In Arabidopsis thaliana, lateral roots (LRs) initiate from anticlinal cell divisions of pericycle founder cells. The formation of LR primordia is regulated antagonistically by the phytohormones cytokinin and auxin. It has previously been shown that cytokinin has an inhibitory effect on the patterning events occurring during LR formation. However, the molecular players involved in cytokinin repression are still unknown. In a similar manner to protoxylem formation in Arabidopsis roots, in which AHP6 (ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6) acts as a cytokinin inhibitor, we reveal that AHP6 also functions as a cytokinin repressor during early stages of LR development. We show that AHP6 is expressed at different developmental stages during LR formation and is required for the correct orientation of cell divisions at the onset of LR development. Moreover, we demonstrate that AHP6 influences the localization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1, which is necessary for patterning the LR primordia. In summary, we show that the inhibition of cytokinin signaling through AHP6 is required to establish the correct pattern during LR initiation.

SUBMITTER: Moreira S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3572949 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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RALFL34 regulates formative cell divisions in Arabidopsis pericycle during lateral root initiation.

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Project description:In both plants and animals, multiple cellular processes must be orchestrated to ensure proper organogenesis. The cell division patterns control the shape of growing organs, yet how they are precisely determined and coordinated is poorly understood. In plants, the distribution of the phytohormone auxin is tightly linked to organogenesis, including lateral root (LR) development. Nevertheless, how auxin regulates cell division pattern during lateral root development remains elusive. Here, we report that auxin activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling via transmembrane kinases (TMKs) to control cell division pattern during lateral root development. Both TMK1/4 and MKK4/5-MPK3/6 pathways are required to properly orient cell divisions, which ultimately determine lateral root development in response to auxin. We show that TMKs directly and specifically interact with and phosphorylate MKK4/5, which is required for auxin to activate MKK4/5-MPK3/6 signaling. Our data suggest that TMK-mediated noncanonical auxin signaling is required to regulate cell division pattern and connect auxin signaling to MAPK signaling, which are both essential for plant development.

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