Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

29 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Integration of Cell Growth and Asymmetric Division During Lateral Root Initiation In Arabidopsis thaliana.

ABSTRACT: Lateral root formation determines to a large extent the ability of plants to forage their environment and thus their growth. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other angiosperms, lateral root initiation requires radial cell expansion and several rounds of anticlinal cell divisions that give rise to a central core of small cells, which express different markers than the larger surrounding cells. These small central cells then switch their plane of divisions to periclinal, and give rise to seemingly morphologically similar daughter cells that have different identities and establish the different cell types of the new root. Although the execution of these anticlinal and periclinal divisions is tightly regulated and essential for the correct development of the lateral root, we know little about their geometrical features. Here we generate a four-dimensional reconstruction of the first stages of lateral root formation and analyze the geometric features of the anticlinal and periclinal divisions. We identify that the periclinal divisions of the small central cells are morphologically dissimilar and asymmetric. We show that mother cell volume is different when looking at anticlinal versus periclinal divisions and the repeated anticlinal divisions do not lead to reduction in cell volume although cells are shorter. Finally, we show that cells undergoing a periclinal division are characterized by a strong cell expansion. Our results indicate that cells integrate growth and division to precisely partition their volume upon division during the first two stages of lateral root formation.

SUBMITTER: Schutz LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8579162 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

The circadian clock rephases during lateral root organ initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Project description:The endogenous circadian clock enables organisms to adapt their growth and development to environmental changes. Here we describe how the circadian clock is employed to coordinate responses to the key signal auxin during lateral root (LR) emergence. In the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, LRs originate from a group of stem cells deep within the root, necessitating that new organs emerge through overlying root tissues. We report that the circadian clock is rephased during LR development. Metabolite and transcript profiling revealed that the circadian clock controls the levels of auxin and auxin-related genes including the auxin response repressor IAA14 and auxin oxidase AtDAO2. Plants lacking or overexpressing core clock components exhibit LR emergence defects. We conclude that the circadian clock acts to gate auxin signalling during LR development to facilitate organ emergence.

| S-EPMC4506504 | biostudies-literature

Mechanical induction of lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Project description:Lateral roots are initiated postembryonically in response to environmental cues, enabling plants to explore efficiently their underground environment. However, the mechanisms by which the environment determines the position of lateral root formation are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis thaliana lateral root initiation can be induced mechanically by either gravitropic curvature or by the transient bending of a root by hand. The plant hormone auxin accumulates at the site of lateral root induction before a primordium starts to form. Here we describe a subcellular relocalization of PIN1, an auxin transport protein, in a single protoxylem cell in response to gravitropic curvature. This relocalization precedes auxin-dependent gene transcription at the site of a new primordium. Auxin-dependent nuclear signaling is necessary for lateral root formation; arf7/19 double knock-out mutants normally form no lateral roots but do so upon bending when the root tip is removed. Signaling through arf7/19 can therefore be bypassed by root bending. These data support a model in which a root-tip-derived signal acts on downstream signaling molecules that specify lateral root identity.

| S-EPMC2596224 | biostudies-other

RNA-seq GLV6 overexpression during lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Project description:The goal of this experiment was to identify the downstream targets of the GOLVEN6 peptide signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, specifically during lateral root initiation. Using an estradiol inducible GLV6 overexpression construct in wildtype and rgi1rgi5 double mutant (mutant in receptors for the GLV6 peptide) backgrounds, in combination with gravistimulation induced lateral root formation, the RGI receptor dependent transcriptional effects of GLV6 overexpression were characterized. An estradiol inducible GLV6 overexpression line in a wildtype (iGLV6) and in an rgi1rgi5 double receptor mutant background (rgi1rgi5/iGLV6) were used. 4-day old seedlings of both lines were gravistimulated (vertically grown seedlings were turned counterclockwise by 90°) to induce lateral root initiation in the resulting root bends. 8h after gravistimulation, seedlings of both lines were treated with 2µM of estradiol to induce GLV6 overexpression, or DMSO as a mock treatment. 3h and 6h after treatment, root bends were dissected and collected for RNA-sequencing. This yielded a total of 8 samples per replicate; 3h mock treated iGLV6 (IM3), 3h estradiol treated iGLV6 (IE3), 3h mock treated rgi1rgi5/iGLV6 (RM3), 3h estradiol treated rgi1rgi5/iGLV6 (RE3), 6h mock treated iGLV6 (IM6), 6h estradiol treated iGLV6 (IE6), 6h mock treated rgi1rgi5/iGLV6 (RM6), 6h estradiol treated rgi1rgi5/iGLV6 (RE6). For each sample, 4 replicates were obtained. This setup enabled the comparison of the GLV6 induced transcriptional effects between wildtype and rgi1rgi5 mutants at 2 time points after treatment, in samples that are strongly enriched for lateral root initiation events.

2022-02-13 | E-MTAB-10891 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Principal growth directions in development of the lateral root in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Project description:Background and aimsDuring lateral root development a new meristem is formed within the mother root body. The main objective of this work was to simulate lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana and to study a potential role of the principal directions in this process. Lateral root growth is anisotropic, so that three principal directions of growth can be distinguished within the organ. This suggests a tensorial character of growth and allows for its description by means of the growth tensor method.MethodsFirst features of the cell pattern of developing lateral roots were analysed in A. thaliana and then a tensorial model for growth and division of cells for this case was specified, assuming an unsteady character of the growth field of the organ.Key resultsMicroscopic observations provide evidence that the principal directions of growth are manifested at various developmental stages by oblique cell walls observed in different regions of the primordium. Other significant features observed are atypically shaped large cells at the flanks of young apices, as well as distinct boundaries between the mother root and the primordium. Simulations were performed using a model for growth. In computer-generated sequences the above-mentioned features could be identified. An attempt was made to reconstruct the virtual lateral root that included a consideration of the formation of particular tissue types based on literature data.ConclusionsIn the cell pattern of the developing lateral root the principal directions of growth can be recognized through occurrence of oblique cell divisions. In simulation the role of these directions in cell pattern formation was confirmed, only when cells divide with respect to the principal directions can realistic results be obtained.

| S-EPMC3394657 | biostudies-literature

TOR acts as a metabolic gatekeeper for auxin-dependent lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Project description:Plant organogenesis requires matching the available metabolic resources to developmental programs. In Arabidopsis, the root system is determined by primary root-derived lateral roots (LRs), and adventitious roots (ARs) formed from non-root organs. Lateral root formation entails the auxin-dependent activation of transcription factors ARF7, ARF19, and LBD16. Adventitious root formation relies on LBD16 activation by auxin and WOX11. The allocation of shoot-derived sugar to the roots influences branching, but how its availability is sensed for LRs formation remains unknown. We combine metabolic profiling with cell-specific interference to show that LRs switch to glycolysis and consume carbohydrates. The target-of-rapamycin (TOR) kinase is activated in the lateral root domain. Interfering with TOR kinase blocks LR initiation while promoting AR formation. The target-of-rapamycin inhibition marginally affects the auxin-induced transcriptional response of the pericycle but attenuates the translation of ARF19, ARF7, and LBD16. TOR inhibition induces WOX11 transcription in these cells, yet no root branching occurs as TOR controls LBD16 translation. TOR is a central gatekeeper for root branching that integrates local auxin-dependent pathways with systemic metabolic signals, modulating the translation of auxin-induced genes.

| S-EPMC10183831 | biostudies-literature

TOR acts as a metabolic gatekeeper for auxin-dependent lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Project description:Plant organogenesis requires matching the available metabolic resources to developmental programs. In Arabidopsis, the root system is determined by primary root-derived lateral roots (LRs) and adventitious roots (ARs) that are formed from non-root organs. LR formation entails the auxin-dependent activation of transcription factors ARF7, ARF19, and LBD16. AR formation relies on LBD16 activation by auxin and WOX11. The allocation of shoot-derived sugar to the roots influences branching, but how its availability is sensed for LRs formation remains unknown. We combine metabolic profiling with cell-specific interference to show that LRs switch to glycolysis and consume carbohydrates. The target-of-rapamycin (TOR) kinase is activated in the lateral root domain. Interfering with TOR kinase blocks LR initiation while promoting AR formation. TOR inhibition marginally affects the auxin-induced transcriptional response of the pericycle but attenuates the translation of ARF19, ARF7, and LBD16. TOR inhibition induces WOX11 transcription in these cells, yet no root branching occurs as TOR controls LBD16 translation. TOR is a central gatekeeper for root branching that integrates local auxin-dependent pathways with systemic metabolic signals, modulating the translation of auxin-induced genes.

| S-SCDT-10_15252-EMBJ_2022111273 | biostudies-other

RALFL34 regulates formative cell divisions in Arabidopsis pericycle during lateral root initiation.

Project description:In plants, many signalling molecules, such as phytohormones, miRNAs, transcription factors, and small signalling peptides, drive growth and development. However, very few small signalling peptides have been shown to be necessary for lateral root development. Here, we describe the role of the peptide RALFL34 during early events in lateral root development, and demonstrate its specific importance in orchestrating formative cell divisions in the pericycle. Our results further suggest that this small signalling peptide acts on the transcriptional cascade leading to a new lateral root upstream of GATA23, an important player in lateral root formation. In addition, we describe a role for ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORs (ERFs) in regulating RALFL34 expression. Taken together, we put forward RALFL34 as a new, important player in lateral root initiation.

| S-EPMC4983113 | biostudies-literature

Asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Project description:The phenomenon of plant root tips sensing moisture gradient in soil and growing towards higher water potential is designated as root hydrotropism, which is critical for plants to survive when water is a limited factor. Molecular mechanisms regulating such a fundamental process, however, are largely unknown. Here we report our identification that cytokinins are key signaling molecules directing root growth orientation in a hydrostimulation (moisture gradient) condition. Lower water potential side of the root tip shows more cytokinin response relative to the higher water potential side. Consequently, two cytokinin downstream type-A response regulators, ARR16 and ARR17, were found to be up-regulated at the lower water potential side, causing increased cell division in the meristem zone, which allows the root to bend towards higher water potential side. Genetic analyses indicated that various cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling mutants, including the arr16 arr17 double mutant, are significantly less responsive to hydrostimulation. Consistently, treatments with chemical inhibitors interfering with either cytokinin biosynthesis or cell division completely abolished root hydrotropic response. Asymmetrically induced expression of ARR16 or ARR17 effectively led to root bending in both wild-type and miz1, a previously known hydrotropism-defective mutant. These data demonstrate that asymmetric cytokinin distribution is a primary determinant governing root hydrotropism.

| S-EPMC6951336 | biostudies-literature

AHP6 inhibits cytokinin signaling to regulate the orientation of pericycle cell division during lateral root initiation.

Project description:In Arabidopsis thaliana, lateral roots (LRs) initiate from anticlinal cell divisions of pericycle founder cells. The formation of LR primordia is regulated antagonistically by the phytohormones cytokinin and auxin. It has previously been shown that cytokinin has an inhibitory effect on the patterning events occurring during LR formation. However, the molecular players involved in cytokinin repression are still unknown. In a similar manner to protoxylem formation in Arabidopsis roots, in which AHP6 (ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6) acts as a cytokinin inhibitor, we reveal that AHP6 also functions as a cytokinin repressor during early stages of LR development. We show that AHP6 is expressed at different developmental stages during LR formation and is required for the correct orientation of cell divisions at the onset of LR development. Moreover, we demonstrate that AHP6 influences the localization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1, which is necessary for patterning the LR primordia. In summary, we show that the inhibition of cytokinin signaling through AHP6 is required to establish the correct pattern during LR initiation.

| S-EPMC3572949 | biostudies-literature

CEP5 and XIP1/CEPR1 regulate lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis.

Project description:Roots explore the soil for water and nutrients through the continuous production of lateral roots. Lateral roots are formed at regular distances in a steadily elongating organ, but how future sites for lateral root formation become established is not yet understood. Here, we identified C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE 5 (CEP5) as a novel, auxin-repressed and phloem pole-expressed signal assisting in the formation of lateral roots. In addition, based on genetic and expression data, we found evidence for the involvement of its proposed receptor, XYLEM INTERMIXED WITH PHLOEM 1 (XIP1)/CEP RECEPTOR 1 (CEPR1), during the process of lateral root initiation. In conclusion, we report here on the existence of a peptide ligand-receptor kinase interaction that impacts lateral root initiation. Our results represent an important step towards the understanding of the cellular communication implicated in the early phases of lateral root formation.

| S-EPMC4983111 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data