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Hunter syndrome follow-up after 1 year of enzyme-replacement therapy.

ABSTRACT: Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome) is a rare x-linked disorder caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulphatase, leading to an accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) dermatansulphate and heparan sulphate. The consequence of GAGs accumulation is progressive, multiorgan disease. Enzyme-replacement therapy is hypothesised to result in disease stabilisation and improved prognosis. We present a severe case of Hunter syndrome diagnosed at age 2 years and 4 months, who started enzyme-replacement therapy at the age of 3 years and 3 months. We report his evolution after 1 year of treatment. The treatment response was good and there was significant improvement in the quality of life. Owing to the rarity of Hunter syndrome, the multisystem nature and the heterogeneity of disease progression, patient care implies interdisciplinary consultations with a wide range of specialists. The best management can be provided in reference centres for metabolic diseases.

SUBMITTER: Puiu M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3603921 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hunter syndrome follow-up after 1 year of enzyme-replacement therapy.

Puiu Maria M Chirita-Emandi Adela A Dumitriu Simona S Arghirescu Smaranda S

BMJ case reports 20130109

Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome) is a rare x-linked disorder caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulphatase, leading to an accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) dermatansulphate and heparan sulphate. The consequence of GAGs accumulation is progressive, multiorgan disease. Enzyme-replacement therapy is hypothesised to result in disease stabilisation and improved prognosis. We present a severe case of Hunter syndrome diagnosed at age 2 years and 4 months, w ...[more]

PMID: 23307460

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Project description:A 3.5 year old Hispanic female presented with signs and symptoms concerning for MPS II (Hunter Syndrome). The diagnosis of MPS II was confirmed by enzyme and molecular testing. Genetic evaluation revealed undetectable plasma iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme activity and an inversion between intron 7 of the IDS gene and a region near exon 3 of IDS-2. This inversion is the molecular cause for ~8% of cases of MPS II and often results in a severe phenotype. X-inactivation studies revealed an inactivation ratio of 100:0. Given the patient's undetectable enzyme level, in combination with a severe IDS gene mutation, classic features at time of presentation, and the significantly skewed X inactivation, there was concern that she was at high risk of developing high and sustained antibody titers to idursulfase which would limit her benefit from enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Anti-drug neutralizing antibodies to idursulfase have been associated with reduced systemic exposure to idursulfase and poorer clinical outcomes. Therefore, the decision was made to concurrently treat the patient with immune tolerance induction therapy during the first month of treatment with idursulfase in order to decrease the risk of developing high sustained antibody titers. The immune tolerance induction protocol consisted of rituximab weekly for 4 weeks, methotrexate three times a week for 3 weeks and monthly IVIG through B-cell and immunoglobulin recovery. Immune tolerance induction was initiated concurrently with the start of ERT. The patient had no significant adverse effects related to undergoing immune tolerance induction therapy and two and half years later is doing well with significantly reduced urine glycosaminoglycans and very low anti-drug antibody titers. This immune tolerance induction protocol could be considered for other patients with MPS II as well as patients with other lysosomal storage disorders who are starting on enzyme replacement therapy and are at high risk of developing neutralizing anti-drug antibodies.

Project description:This study aimed to evaluate audiological and vestibular involvement in Fabry disease and the effects of enzyme replacement therapy with human alpha-galactosidase A. The study population comprised 20 patients (11 males, 9 females) aged 15-69 years (mean 39.7). Patients underwent a complete clinical and instrumental evaluation before starting and during enzyme replacement therapy. Median follow-up was 51.5 months (range 25-73). Nine patients (45%) complained of hearing symptoms (hearing loss, tinnitus); for six of them the onset and/or progression of the hearing loss were sudden. Vertigo or dizziness was reported by 6 patients (30%). Audiological evaluation showed a sensorineural hearing loss in 18 ears (45%; 10 in male patients, 8 in females). The hearing thresholds for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz frequencies ranged from 10 to 65 dB HL. Hearing loss was unilateral in 8 cases (40%; 4 in male patients, 4 in females). Also high frequency hearing loss for 4 and 8 kHz was evaluated. No signs of retro-cochlear lesions were observed by means of otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response. Vestibular examinations showed a functional impairment in 7 ears (17.5%, all male patients). During enzyme replacement therapy the auditory function showed some degrees of worsening but no significant changes were observed at statistical analysis. In conclusion involvement of the inner ear is common in men and women with Fabry disease. In this study, a high incidence of cochlear hearing loss was found, which was typically unilateral and showed onset and/or progression by sudden episodes. Vascular or hydropic mechanisms could be hypothesized to explain audiological findings. Vestibular involvement showed a lower incidence and different pattern, thus suggesting that several patho-physiological mechanisms could play a role in determining inner ear damage in Fabry disease. Results obtained show that enzyme replacement therapy may stabilize hearing function; however, further studies on the physiopathology of the inner ear damage are needed.

Project description:The aim of this study was to assess the activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II; MPS II) using a newly designed ADL questionnaire. We applied the questionnaire to evaluate clinical phenotypes and therapeutic efficacies of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We also explored early signs and symptoms to make early diagnosis feasible. We devised a new ADL questionnaire with three domains: "movement," "movement with cognition," and "cognition." Each domain has four subcategories rated on a 5-point scale based on level of assistance. We also scored signs and symptoms unique to MPS by 12 subcategories (five points per category), providing 60 points in total. The questionnaire was first administered to 138 healthy Japanese controls (0.33-50 years), and successively, to 74 Japanese patients with Hunter syndrome (4-49 years). The patient cohort consisted of 51 severe and 23 attenuated phenotypes; 20 patients treated with HSCT, 23 patients treated early with ERT (?8 years), 25 patients treated late with ERT (>8 years), and 4 untreated patients. Among 18 severe phenotypic patients treated by HSCT, 10 were designated as early HSCT (?5years), while 8 were designated as late HSCT (>5years). Scores from patients with severe phenotypes were lower than controls and attenuated phenotypes in all categories. Among patients with severe phenotypes, there was a trend that HSCT provides a higher ADL score than early ERT, and there was a significant difference in ADL scores between late ERT and HSCT groups. Early ERT and early HSCT provided a higher score than late ERT and late HSCT, respectively. In conclusion, we have evaluated the feasibility of a new questionnaire in control population and patients with Hunter syndrome, leading to a novel evaluation method for clinical phenotypes and therapeutic efficacy. Early treatment with HSCT provides a better consequence in ADL of patients.

Project description:BackgroundMucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). In affected patients, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulates in the lysosomes of many organs and tissues contributing to the pathology associated with MPS II. The objective of this phase I/II clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human iduronate-2-sulfatase (idursulfase beta, Hunterase®) in the treatment of MPS II.MethodsThirty-one MPS II patients between 6 and 35 years of age were enrolled in a randomized, single-blinded, active comparator-controlled phase I/II trial for 24 weeks. Patients were randomized to active comparator infusions (N=11), 0.5 mg/kg idursulfase beta infusions (N=10), or 1.0 mg/kg idursulfase beta infusions (N=10). The primary efficacy variable was the level of urinary GAG excretion. The secondary variables were changes in the distance walked in 6 minutes (6-minute walk test, 6MWT), echocardiographic findings, pulmonary function tests, and joint mobility.ResultsPatients in all three groups exhibited reduction in urine GAG and this reduced GAG level was maintained for 24 weeks. Urine GAG was also significantly reduced in the 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg idursulfase beta groups when compared to the active comparator group (P = 0.043, 0.002, respectively). Changes in 6MWT were significantly greater in the 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg idursulfase groups than in the active comparator group (p= 0.003, 0.015, respectively). Both idursulfase beta infusions were generally safe and well tolerated, and elicited no serious adverse drug reactions. The most frequent adverse events were urticaria and skin rash, which were easily controlled with administration of antihistamines.ConclusionsThis study indicates that idursulfase beta generates clinically significant reduction of urinary GAG, improvements in endurance as measured by 6MWT, and it has an acceptable safety profile for the treatment of MPS II.

Dataset Information

Hunter syndrome follow-up after 1 year of enzyme-replacement therapy.

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Hunter syndrome follow-up after 1 year of enzyme-replacement therapy.

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