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Maternally deposited germline piRNAs silence the tirant retrotransposon in somatic cells.

ABSTRACT: Transposable elements (TEs), whose propagation can result in severe damage to the host genome, are silenced in the animal gonad by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). piRNAs produced in the ovaries are deposited in the embryonic germline and initiate TE repression in the germline progeny. Whether the maternally transmitted piRNAs play a role in the silencing of somatic TEs is however unknown. Here we show that maternally transmitted piRNAs from the tirant retrotransposon in Drosophila are required for the somatic silencing of the TE and correlate with an increase in histone H3K9 trimethylation an active tirant copy.

SUBMITTER: Akkouche A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3642378 | biostudies-literature | 2013 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maternally deposited germline piRNAs silence the tirant retrotransposon in somatic cells.

Akkouche Abdou A Grentzinger Thomas T Fablet Marie M Armenise Claudia C Burlet Nelly N Braman Virginie V Chambeyron Séverine S Vieira Cristina C

EMBO reports 20130405 5

Transposable elements (TEs), whose propagation can result in severe damage to the host genome, are silenced in the animal gonad by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). piRNAs produced in the ovaries are deposited in the embryonic germline and initiate TE repression in the germline progeny. Whether the maternally transmitted piRNAs play a role in the silencing of somatic TEs is however unknown. Here we show that maternally transmitted piRNAs from the tirant retrotransposon in Drosophila are required f ...[more]

PMID: 23559065

Similar Datasets

Maternally deposited germline piRNAs silence the tirant retrotransposon in somatic cells

Project description:Transposable elements (TEs), whose propagation can result in severe damage to the host genome, are silenced in the animal gonad by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). piRNAs produced in the ovaries are deposited in the embryonic germline and initiate TE repression in the germline progeny. Whether the maternally transmitted piRNAs play a role in the silencing of somatic TEs is, however, unknown. Here we show that maternally transmitted piRNAs from the tirant retrotransposon in Drosophila are required for the somatic silencing of the TE and correlate with an increase in histone H3K9 trimethylation an active tirant copy. Comparison of tirant piRNAs in two Drosophila simulans natural populations.

2013-04-09 | E-GEOD-40592 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Maternally deposited germline piRNAs silence the tirant retrotransposon in somatic cells

2013-04-09 | GSE40592 | GEO

Maternally inherited piRNAs silence transposons during Drosophila embryogenesis

Project description:The piRNA pathway controls transposon expression in animal germ cells, thereby ensuring genome stability over generations. piRNAs are maternally deposited and required for proper transposon silencing in adult offspring. However, a long-standing question in the field is the precise function of maternally deposited piRNAs and its associated factors during embryogenesis. Here, we probe the spatio-temporal expression patterns of several piRNA pathway components during early stages of development. Amongst those, factors required for transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) showed ubiquitous abundance in somatic and pole cells throughout the first half of embryogenesis. We further analysed the transcriptomes of various embryo stages and correlated these with the presence of selected chromatin marks. We found that a number of transposon families show bursts of transcription during early embryonic stages. Transposons heavily targeted by maternally deposited piRNAs accumulated repressive chromatin marks following their spike in expression. Furthermore, depletion of maternally deposited Piwi protein in early embryos resulted in increased expression of transposons targeted by inherited piRNAs and was accompanied by a strong loss of repressive chromatin marks at coding sequences. Overall, our data suggests a pivotal role for the piRNA pathway in transposon defence during Drosophila embryogenesis in somatic cells.

2021-07-26 | PXD022409 | Pride

Collapse of germline piRNAs in the absence of Argonaute3 reveals somatic piRNAs in flies.

Project description:Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) silence transposons in animal germ cells. piRNAs are thought to derive from long transcripts spanning transposon-rich genomic loci and to direct an autoamplification loop in which an antisense piRNA, bound to Aubergine or Piwi protein, triggers production of a sense piRNA bound to the PIWI protein Argonaute3 (Ago3). In turn, the new piRNA is envisioned to produce a second antisense piRNA. Here, we describe strong loss-of-function mutations in ago3, allowing a direct genetic test of this model. We find that Ago3 acts to amplify piRNA pools and to enforce on them an antisense bias, increasing the number of piRNAs that can act to silence transposons. We also detect a second, Ago3-independent piRNA pathway centered on Piwi. Transposons targeted by this second pathway often reside in the flamenco locus, which is expressed in somatic ovarian follicle cells, suggesting a role for piRNAs beyond the germline.

| S-EPMC2768572 | biostudies-literature

Germline piRNAs counteract endogenous retrovirus invasion from somatic cells

Project description:In metazoan gonads, transposable elements (TEs) mobilization is limited by PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These small RNAs originate from specific source loci, the piRNA clusters. piRNAs are known to silence TEs in the cells where they are produced. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), a subclass of TEs, pose a particular threat because they are capable of transiting from cell to cell. In this study, we reveal that piRNAs produced locally in germ cells counteract invasion by ERVs arriving from adjacent somatic cells. We reactivated the Drosophila ERVZAMin somatic gonadal cells by deleting, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, its single copy in the somaticflamencopiRNA cluster, while keeping the piRNA pathway fully functional. Upon reactivation,ZAMinvaded the oocytes, resulting in transposition and severe fertility defects. We show that onceZAM-piRNAs are produced in germ cells they counter the invasion. Our study sheds new light on the mechanisms of recognition and regulation of invasive genetic elements, which is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity.

2023-08-25 | GSE235966 | GEO

Germline piRNAs counteract endogenous retrovirus invasion from somatic cells- small RNA

Project description:In metazoan gonads, transposable elements (TEs) mobilization is limited by PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These small RNAs originate from specific source loci, the piRNA clusters. piRNAs are known to silence TEs in the cells where they are produced. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), a subclass of TEs, pose a particular threat because they are capable of transiting from cell to cell. In this study, we reveal that piRNAs produced locally in germ cells counteract invasion by ERVs arriving from adjacent somatic cells. We reactivated the Drosophila ERV ZAM in somatic gonadal cells by deleting, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, its single copy in the somatic flamenco piRNA cluster, while keeping the piRNA pathway fully functional. Upon reactivation, ZAM invaded the oocytes, resulting in transposition and severe fertility defects. We show that once ZAM-piRNAs are produced in germ cells they counter the invasion. Our study sheds new light on the mechanisms of recognition and regulation of invasive genetic elements, which is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity.

2022-09-30 | GSE213368 | GEO

An epigenetic role for maternally inherited piRNAs in transposon silencing.

Project description:In plants and mammals, small RNAs indirectly mediate epigenetic inheritance by specifying cytosine methylation. We found that small RNAs themselves serve as vectors for epigenetic information. Crosses between Drosophila strains that differ in the presence of a particular transposon can produce sterile progeny, a phenomenon called hybrid dysgenesis. This phenotype manifests itself only if the transposon is paternally inherited, suggesting maternal transmission of a factor that maintains fertility. In both P- and I-element-mediated hybrid dysgenesis models, daughters show a markedly different content of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) targeting each element, depending on their parents of origin. Such differences persist from fertilization through adulthood. This indicates that maternally deposited piRNAs are important for mounting an effective silencing response and that a lack of maternal piRNA inheritance underlies hybrid dysgenesis.

| S-EPMC2805124 | biostudies-literature

Germline piRNAs counteract endogenous retrovirus invasion from somatic cells

Project description:Germline piRNAs counteract endogenous retrovirus invasion from somatic cells

| PRJNA988107 | ENA

Germline piRNAs counteract endogenous retrovirus invasion from somatic cells - Total genomic DNA

Project description:In metazoan gonads, transposable elements (TEs) mobilization is limited by PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). These small RNAs originate from specific source loci, the piRNA clusters. piRNAs are known to silence TEs in the cells where they are produced. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), a subclass of TEs, pose a particular threat because they are capable of transiting from cell to cell. In this study, we reveal that piRNAs produced locally in germ cells counteract invasion by ERVs arriving from adjacent somatic cells. We reactivated the Drosophila ERV ZAM in somatic gonadal cells by deleting, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, its single copy in the somatic flamenco piRNA cluster, while keeping the piRNA pathway fully functional. Upon reactivation, ZAM invaded the oocytes, resulting in transposition and severe fertility defects. We show that once ZAM-piRNAs are produced in germ cells they counter the invasion. Our study sheds new light on the mechanisms of recognition and regulation of invasive genetic elements, which is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity.

2022-09-30 | GSE213456 | GEO

piRNAs of Caenorhabditis elegans broadly silence nonself sequences through functionally random targeting.

Project description:Small noncoding RNAs such as piRNAs are guides for Argonaute proteins, enabling sequence-specific, post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The piRNAs of Caenorhabditis elegans have been observed to bind targets with high mismatch tolerance and appear to lack specific transposon targets, unlike piRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster and other organisms. These observations support a model in which C. elegans piRNAs provide a broad, indiscriminate net of silencing, competing with siRNAs associated with the CSR-1 Argonaute that specifically protect self-genes from silencing. However, the breadth of piRNA targeting has not been subject to in-depth quantitative analysis, nor has it been explained how piRNAs are distributed across sequence space to achieve complete coverage. Through a bioinformatic analysis of piRNA sequences, incorporating an original data-based metric of piRNA-target distance, we demonstrate that C. elegans piRNAs are functionally random, in that their coverage of sequence space is comparable to that of random sequences. By possessing a sufficient number of distinct, essentially random piRNAs, C. elegans is able to target arbitrary nonself sequences with high probability. We extend this approach to a selection of other nematodes, finding results which elucidate the mechanism by which nonself mRNAs are silenced, and have implications for piRNA evolution and biogenesis.

| S-EPMC8860604 | biostudies-literature

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