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Systolic blood pressure and adiposity: examination by race and gender in a nationally representative sample of young adults.

ABSTRACT: Adiposity, or more specifically, underlying body fat distribution, has been associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), and it has been suggested that these associations vary between whites and blacks, as well as by gender.Here, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a US study of over 15,000 participants (median age 29.0 years), to characterize the associations between measures of body fat distribution-waist circumference (WC) and WC adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (WC(-bmi))-with SBP within white and black race and gender subgroups.Our findings suggest that, at lower levels of WC(-bmi), white women have significantly higher SBP as compared to black women, whereas black men have higher SBP than white men. Black women with WC(-bmi) >90 cm have higher SBP compared to white women with similar WC(-bmi), whereas among black and white men the associations are essentially similar across the full range of WC(-bmi).The present results suggest that associations among anthropometric measures of adiposity and blood pressure are nonlinear, and importantly, vary for whites and blacks by gender. In black women, SBP increased more as WC increased from low- to mid-range levels, whereas it was only at higher WC levels that black men exhibited higher SBP than white men.

SUBMITTER: Brummett BH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3642773 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systolic blood pressure and adiposity: examination by race and gender in a nationally representative sample of young adults.

Brummett Beverly H BH Babyak Michael B MB Siegler Iiene C IC Surwit Richard R Georgiades Anastasia A Boyle Stephen H SH Williams Redford B RB

American journal of hypertension 20111006 2

<h4>Background</h4>Adiposity, or more specifically, underlying body fat distribution, has been associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), and it has been suggested that these associations vary between whites and blacks, as well as by gender.<h4>Methods</h4>Here, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a US study of over 15,000 participants (median age 29.0 years), to characterize the associations between measures of body fat distribution-waist circ ...[more]

PMID: 21976277

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Project description:BackgroundWaterpipe tobacco (WT) smoking by young adults remains high and misperceptions are common. Product warnings can increase knowledge of harms and reduce use. The goal of this study was to test warning statements, including the FDA-required nicotine warning (prior to implementation), on young adults' thinking about harms of and discouragement from WT smoking.MethodsWe conducted a between-subjects experiment in a nationally representative telephone survey of 1152 young adults aged 18-29. Participants were randomly assigned to hear one of five warning statements and reported how much, on a 4-point scale, the warning made them think about the harms and discouraged them from WT smoking.ResultsThe sample was 36.8% female, 57.8% white, 20.2% Black, 24.1% Hispanic, with a mean age of 23.2 (SE = 0.25). Under half (43.5%) had ever smoked WT. There were significant differences among the statements on both thinking about harms (p < .0001) and discouragement (p < .0001). The FDA-required "nicotine" warning led to the lowest thinking about harms (M = 2.85, SE = 0.08) and was the least discouraging (M = 2.86, SE = 0.08), while the "100 cigarettes" warning resulted in the greatest thinking about harms (M = 3.62, SE = 0.05) and was the most discouraging (M = 3.56, SE = 0.06).ConclusionsThe nicotine warning resulted in the lowest levels of thinking about harms and discouragement from WT smoking, suggesting limited impact. However, a warning focused on comparing smoke inhalation from WT smoking to cigarettes seems promising. Warnings should cover a broad range of WT health effects, and possibly comparisons to cigarettes. Findings also have implications for the content of international waterpipe warnings.ImplicationsThis study indicates that the nicotine warning is the least effective at making young adults think about the harms of and discouraging WT smoking. The FDA and other countries should consider requiring warnings to cover a broader range of health harms, misperceptions, and possibly comparisons to cigarettes.

Dataset Information

Systolic blood pressure and adiposity: examination by race and gender in a nationally representative sample of young adults.

Publications

Systolic blood pressure and adiposity: examination by race and gender in a nationally representative sample of young adults.

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