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Antiteratogenic Effects of ?-Carotene in Cultured Mouse Embryos Exposed to Nicotine.

ABSTRACT: After maternal intake, nicotine crosses the placental barrier and causes severe embryonic disorders and fetal death. In this study, we investigated whether ? -carotene has a beneficial effect against nicotine-induced teratogenesis in mouse embryos (embryonic day 8.5) cultured for 48?h in a whole embryo culture system. Embryos exposed to nicotine (1?mM) exhibited severe morphological anomalies and apoptotic cell death, as well as increased levels of TNF- ? , IL-1 ? , and caspase 3?mRNAs, and lipid peroxidation. The levels of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (SOD), mitochondrial manganese-dependent SOD, cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPx), phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx, hypoxia inducible factor 1 ? , and Bcl-x L ?mRNAs decreased, and SOD activity was reduced compared to the control group. However, when ? -carotene (1 × 10(-7) or 5 × 10(-7) ?M) was present in cultures of embryos exposed to nicotine, these parameters improved significantly. These findings indicate that ? -carotene effectively protects against nicotine-induced teratogenesis in mouse embryos through its antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.

SUBMITTER: Lin C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3662118 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antiteratogenic Effects of β-Carotene in Cultured Mouse Embryos Exposed to Nicotine.

Lin Chunmei C Yon Jung-Min JM Jung A Young AY Lee Jong Geol JG Jung Ki Youn KY Lee Beom Jun BJ Yun Young Won YW Nam Sang-Yoon SY

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20130508

After maternal intake, nicotine crosses the placental barrier and causes severe embryonic disorders and fetal death. In this study, we investigated whether β -carotene has a beneficial effect against nicotine-induced teratogenesis in mouse embryos (embryonic day 8.5) cultured for 48 h in a whole embryo culture system. Embryos exposed to nicotine (1 mM) exhibited severe morphological anomalies and apoptotic cell death, as well as increased levels of TNF- α , IL-1 β , and caspase 3 mRNAs, and lipi ...[more]

PMID: 23737837

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Project description:Finishing pigs (N = 224; 28.66 ± 1.90 kg bodyweight) were randomly assigned across 56 pens of either four barrows or gilts, and assigned to one of four diets: control (7,656 IU vitamin A/kg), control supplemented with vitamin A (4.36 ppm, Rovimix A 1000, DSM, Parsippany, NJ, USA), control supplemented with beta-carotene (163.28 ppm, Rovimix β-Carotene 10%, DSM, Parsippany), or control supplemented with oxidized beta-carotene (40 ppm; 10% active ingredient, Avivagen, Ottawa, ON, Canada). Pigs and feeder weights were obtained at the start of the study (d 0), and end of each phase (d 21, 42, and 63). A subset of gilts had a blood sample taken via jugular venipuncture on d 0, a blood sample and vaccinations of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on d 18, a blood sample and booster vaccination of PCV2 on d 39, a blood sample on day 60, and a final blood sample on day 63. Gilts were euthanized at the end of the study to obtain a liver (entire right lobe) and a jejunum sample (15.24 cm at 10% of length). Additionally, the second and fourth right anterior mammary were collected to assess anterior mammary tissues. Data were analyzed in SAS 9.4 (Statistical Analysis System, Cary, NC) via GLIMMIX procedure. Oxidized beta-carotene supplementation increased (P = 0.02) ADG across phases over vitamin A supplementation, although there were no differences (P = 0.18) in the body weight of pigs. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of diet on plasma or hepatic retinol, IgG or IgM levels, or immune cell presence in developing mammary tissue. Supplemented vitamin A tended (P = 0.05) to increase the mRNA abundance of retinol binding protein in the jejunum, but other mRNA abundance for genes (alcohol dehydrogenase class 1, lecithin retinol acyltransferase phosphatidylcholine-retinol O-acyltransferase, and beta-carotene oxygenase 1) were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments. A diet by time interaction (P = 0.04) was noted for the circovirus S/P ratio, where vitamin A supplementation had the best ratio compared to other diets. Analyzed titer levels for the circovirus vaccine had an interaction (P < 0.01) for diet by time, where vitamin A supplementation had the highest titer at the end of the study. Thus, pigs supplemented with oxidized beta-carotene had an improved ADG over vitamin A supplemented pigs, but pigs supplemented with vitamin A seemed to have an improved immune status.

Dataset Information

Antiteratogenic Effects of ?-Carotene in Cultured Mouse Embryos Exposed to Nicotine.

Publications

Antiteratogenic Effects of β-Carotene in Cultured Mouse Embryos Exposed to Nicotine.

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