Intra-arrest hypothermia during cardiac arrest: a systematic review.
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SUBMITTER: Scolletta S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3681365 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Intra-arrest hypothermia during cardiac arrest: a systematic review.
Scolletta Sabino S Taccone Fabio Silvio FS Nordberg Per P Donadello Katia K Vincent Jean-Louis JL Castren Maaret M
Critical care (London, England) 20121212 2
<h4>Introduction</h4>Therapeutic hypothermia is largely used to protect the brain following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest (CA), but it is unclear whether we should start therapeutic hypothermia earlier, that is, before ROSC.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Ovid/Medline databases using "arrest" OR "cardiac arrest" OR "heart arrest" AND "hypothermia" OR "therapeutic hypothermia" OR "cooling" as keyw ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundTrans-nasal evaporative cooling is an effective method to induce intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The use of supraglottic airway devices (SGA) instead of endotracheal intubation may enable shorter time intervals to induce cooling. We aimed to study the outcomes in OHCA patients receiving endotracheal intubation (ETI) or a SGA during intra-arrest trans-nasal evaporative cooling.MethodsThis is a pre-specified sub-study of the PRINCESS trial (NCT01400373) that included witnessed OHCA patients randomized during resuscitation to trans-nasal intra-arrest cooling vs. standard care followed by temperature control at 33 °C for 24 h. For this study, patients randomized to intra-arrest cooling were stratified according to the use of ETI vs. SGA prior to the induction of cooling. SGA was placed by paramedics in the first-tier ambulance or by physicians or anesthetic nurses in the second tier while ETI was performed only after the arrival of the second tier. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences at the baseline between the two groups. The primary outcome was survival with good neurological outcome, defined as cerebral performance category (CPC) 1-2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included time to place airway, overall survival at 90 days, survival with complete neurologic recovery (CPC 1) at 90 days and sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).ResultsOf the 343 patients randomized to the intervention arm (median age 64 years, 24% were women), 328 received intra-arrest cooling and had data on the airway method (n = 259 with ETI vs. n = 69 with SGA). Median time from the arrival of the first-tier ambulance to successful airway management was 8 min for ETI performed by second tier and 4 min for SGA performed by the first or second tier (p = 0.001). No significant differences in the probability of good neurological outcome (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.64-3.01), overall survival (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.57-2.55), full neurological recovery (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.52-2.73) or sustained ROSC (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.50-1.52) were observed between ETI and SGA.ConclusionsAmong the OHCA patients treated with trans-nasal evaporative intra-arrest cooling, the use of SGA was associated with a significantly shorter time to airway management and with similar outcomes compared to ETI.
| S-EPMC9654441 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo perform a systematic review of administration of calcium compared to no calcium during cardiac arrest.MethodsThe search included Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus and was conducted on September 30, 2022. The population included adults and children in any setting with cardiac arrest. The outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation, survival, survival with favourable neurologic outcome to hospital discharge and 30 days or longer, and quality of life outcome. Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS-I were performed to assess risk of bias for controlled and observational studies, respectively.ResultsThe systematic review identified 4 studies on 3 randomised controlled trials on 554 adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients, 8 observational studies on 2,731 adult cardiac arrest patients, and 3 observational studies on 17,449 paediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients. The randomised controlled and observational studies showed that routine calcium administration during cardiac arrest did not improve the outcome of adult OHCA or IHCA or paediatric IHCA. The risk of bias for the adult trials was low for one recent trial and high for two earlier trials, with randomization as the primary source of bias. The risk of bias for the individual observational studies was assessed to be critical due to confounding. The certainty of evidence was assessed to be moderate for adult OHCA and low for adult and paediatric IHCA. Heterogeneity across studies precluded any meaningful meta-analyses.ConclusionsThis systematic review found no evidence that routine calcium administration improves the outcomes of cardiac arrest in adults or children.PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022349641.
| S-EPMC10070937 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine associations between important pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to 4 February 2019. Primary, unpublished data from the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit database.Study selection criteriaEnglish language studies that investigated pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest.Data extractionPROGRESS (prognosis research strategy group) recommendations and the CHARMS (critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies) checklist were followed. Risk of bias was assessed by using the QUIPS tool (quality in prognosis studies). The primary analysis pooled associations only if they were adjusted for relevant confounders. The GRADE approach (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) was used to rate certainty in the evidence.ResultsThe primary analysis included 23 cohort studies. Of the pre-arrest factors, male sex (odds ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.95, moderate certainty), age 60 or older (0.50, 0.40 to 0.62, low certainty), active malignancy (0.57, 0.45 to 0.71, high certainty), and history of chronic kidney disease (0.56, 0.40 to 0.78, high certainty) were associated with reduced odds of survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Of the intra-arrest factors, witnessed arrest (2.71, 2.17 to 3.38, high certainty), monitored arrest (2.23, 1.41 to 3.52, high certainty), arrest during daytime hours (1.41, 1.20 to 1.66, high certainty), and initial shockable rhythm (5.28, 3.78 to 7.39, high certainty) were associated with increased odds of survival. Intubation during arrest (0.54, 0.42 to 0.70, moderate certainty) and duration of resuscitation of at least 15 minutes (0.12, 0.07 to 0.19, high certainty) were associated with reduced odds of survival.ConclusionModerate to high certainty evidence was found for associations of pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42018104795.
| S-EPMC6891802 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionIntra-arrest transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) have been introduced in adult patients with cardiac arrest (CA). Whether the diagnostic performance of TTE or TEE is superior during resuscitation is unclear. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.MethodsWe searched databases from PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar and evaluated articles with intra-arrest TTE and TEE in adult patients with non-traumatic CA. Two authors independently screened and selected articles for inclusion; they then dual-extracted study characteristics and target conditions (pericardial effusion, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, hypovolemia, left ventricular dysfunction, and sonographic cardiac activity). We performed quality assessment using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Version 2 criteria.ResultsA total of 27 studies were included: 14 studies with 2,145 patients assessed TTE; and 16 with 556 patients assessed TEE. A high risk of bias or applicability concerns in at least one domain was present in 20 studies (74%). Both TTE and TEE found positive findings in nearly one-half of the patients. The etiology of CA was identified in 13% (271/2,145), and intervention was performed in 38% (102/271) of patients in the TTE group. In patients who received TEE, the etiology was identified in 43% (239/556), and intervention was performed in 28% (68/239). In the TEE group, a higher incidence regarding the etiology of CA was observed, particularly for those with aortic dissection. However, the outcome of those with aortic dissection in the TEE group was poor.ConclusionWhile TEE could identify more causes of CA than TTE, sonographic cardiac activity was reported much more in the TTE group. The impact of TTE and TEE on the return of spontaneous circulation and further survival was still inconclusive in the current dataset.
| S-EPMC11000560 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hypothermia is used for several h during cardiac and aortic surgery to protect ischemic organs. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is used for ≤24 h as a treatment for comatose patients after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiac arrest. The proteomic approach may provide unbiased data on alterations in the abundance of proteins during TH. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of cooling/rewarming on the plasma proteome during TH after ROSC and to identify the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects. A total of nine comatose adult patients, resuscitated shortly after cardiac arrest, were cooled to 34°C for 24 h and slowly rewarmed to 36°C. A quantitative gel-free proteomic analysis was performed using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification labeling tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma samples were obtained prior to cooling and rewarming, and immediately after rewarming, from all patients during TH after ROSC. A total of 92 high-confidence proteins were identified. Statistically significant alterations were observed (>1.2-fold increase or <0.833-fold decrease) in the levels of 15 of those proteins (P=0.003-0.047), mainly proteins belonging to the acute-phase response or platelet degranulation. Unexpectedly, the levels of free hemoglobin (hemoglobin subunits α and β) were significantly downregulated during TH (P<0.05). The level of the terminal complement complex (SC5b-9) showed significant reduction after cooling (P=0.023). Although the acute-phase response proteins were upregulated, the abundance of complement proteins did not change, and the levels of SC5b-9 and free hemoglobin decreased during TH in patients after ROSC.
| S-EPMC6601400 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHypothermia has been shown to improve survival and neurological outcomes for ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. The electrophysiological mechanisms of hypothermia are not well-understood, nor are the effects of beginning cooling during the resuscitation.Methods and resultsWe hypothesized that inducing hypothermia prior to the onset of VF would slow the deleterious changes seen in the ECG during VF and that inducing hypothermia at the start of resuscitation would increase the rates of ROSC and short-term survival in a porcine model of prolonged VF. We randomly assigned 42 domestic swine (27.2+/-2.3 kg) to either pretreatment with hypothermia before induction of VF (PRE), normothermic resuscitation (NORM) or intra-resuscitation hypothermia (IRH). During anesthesia, animals were instrumented via femoral cutdown. Lead II ECG was recorded continuously. PRE animals were cooled before the induction of VF, with a rapid infusion of 4 degrees normal saline (30mL/kg). VF was induced electrically, left untreated for 8min, then mechanical CPR began. During CPR the NORM animals got 30mL/kg body-temperature saline and the IRH animals got 30mL/kg 4 degrees saline. In all groups first rescue shocks were delivered after 13min of VF. We calculated the VF scaling exponent (ScE) for the entire 8min period (compared using GEE). ROSC and survival were compared with Fisher's exact test. Mean temperature in degrees C at the onset of VF was PRE=34.7 degrees (+/-0.8), NORM=37.8 (+/-0.9), and IRH=37.9 (+/-0.9). The ScE values over time were significantly lower after 8min in the PRE group (p=0.02). ROSC: PRE=10/14 (71%), NORM=6/14 (43%) and IRH=12/14 (86%); p for IRH vs. NORM=0.02. Survival: PRE=9/14 (64%), NORM=5/14 (36%), IRH 8/14 (57%).ConclusionHypothermia slowed the decay of the ECG waveform during prolonged VF. IRH improved ROSC but not short-term survival compared to NORM. It is possible to rapidly induce mild hypothermia during CPR using an IV infusion of ice-cold saline.
| S-EPMC2720166 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The determination of coma patient prognosis after cardiac arrest has clinical, ethical and social implications. Neurological examination, imaging and biochemical markers are helpful tools accepted as reliable in predicting recovery. With the advent of therapeutic hypothermia, these data need to be reconfirmed. In this study, we attempted to determine the validity of different markers, which can be used in the detection of patients with poor prognosis under hypothermia.Data from adult patients admitted to our intensive care unit for a hypothermia protocol after cardiac arrest were recorded prospectively to generate a descriptive and analytical study analyzing the relationship between clinical, neurophysiological, imaging and biochemical parameters with 6-month outcomes defined according to the Cerebral Performance Categories scale (good 1-2, poor 3-5). Neuron-specific enolase was collected at 72 hours. Imaging and neurophysiologic exams were carried out in the 24 hours after the rewarming period.Sixty-seven patients were included in the study, of which 12 had good neurological outcomes. Ventricular fibrillation and electroencephalographic theta activity were associated with increased likelihood of survival and improved neurological outcomes. Patients who had more rapid cooling (mean time of 163 versus 312 minutes), hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging or neuron-specific enolase > 58ng/mL had poor neurological outcomes (p < 0.05).Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging and neuron-specific enolase were strong predictors of poor neurological outcomes. Although there is the belief that early achievement of target temperature improves neurological prognoses, in our study, there were increased mortality and worse neurological outcomes with earlier target-temperature achievement.
| S-EPMC4738817 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Therapeutic hypothermia has been recommended for eligible patients after cardiac arrest (CA) in order to improve outcomes. Up to now, several comparative observational studies have evaluated the combined use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) and therapeutic hypothermia in adult patients with CA. However, the effects of therapeutic hypothermia in adult CA patients receiving ECPR are inconsistent. METHODS:Relevant studies in English databases (PubMed, ISI web of science, OVID, and Embase) were systematically searched up to September 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) from eligible studies were extracted and pooled to summarize the associations of therapeutic hypothermia with favorable neurological outcomes and survival in adult CA patients receiving ECPR. RESULTS:13 articles were included in the present meta-analysis study. There were nine studies with a total of 806 cases reporting the association of therapeutic hypothermia with neurological outcomes in CA patients receiving ECPR. Pooling analysis suggested that therapeutic hypothermia was significantly associated with favorable neurological outcomes in overall (N?=?9, OR?=?3.507, 95%CI?=?2.194-5.607, P?<?0.001, fixed-effects model) and in all subgroups according to control type, regions, sample size, CA location, ORs obtained methods, follow-up period, and modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale (mNOS) scores. There were nine studies with a total of 806 cases assessing the association of therapeutic hypothermia with survival in CA patients receiving ECPR. After pooling the ORs, therapeutic hypothermia was found to be significantly associated with survival in overall (N?=?9, OR?=?2.540, 95%CI?=?1.245-5.180, P?=?0.010, random-effects model) and in some subgroups. Publication bias was found when evaluating the association of therapeutic hypothermia with neurological outcomes in CA patients receiving ECPR. Additional trim-and-fill analysis estimated four "missing" studies, which adjusted the effect size to 2.800 (95%CI?=?1.842-4.526, P?<?0.001, fixed-effects model) for neurological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:Therapeutic hypothermia may be associated with favorable neurological outcomes and survival in adult CA patients undergoing ECPR. However, the result should be treated carefully because it is a synthesis of low-level evidence and other limitations exist in present study. It is necessary to perform randomized controlled trials to validate our result before considering the result in clinical practices.
| S-EPMC6961259 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe current guidelines recommend targeted temperature management (TTM) as part of the post-resuscitation care for comatose patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. These recommendations are based on the weak evidence of benefit seen in the early clinical trials. Recent large multicentered trials have failed to show a meaningful clinical benefit of hypothermia, unlike the earlier studies. Thus, to fully appraise the available data, we sought to perform this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.MethodsWe searched four databases for randomized controlled trials comparing therapeutic hypothermia (32-34 °C) with normothermia (≥36 °C with control of fever) in adult patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Independent reviewers did the title and abstract screening, full-text screening, and extraction. The primary outcome was mortality six months after cardiac arrest, and secondary outcomes were neurological outcomes and adverse effects.Relevance for patientsSix randomized controlled trials were included in this review. There was no significant difference between the hypothermia and normothermia groups in mortality till 6 months follow up after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.67-1.16; n = 3243; I2 = 51%), or favorable neurological outcome (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.93-1.84; n = 3091; I2 = 68%). Rates of arrhythmias were notably higher in the hypothermia group than the normothermia group (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20-1.71; n = 3029; I2 = 4%). However, odds for development of pneumonia showed no significant differences across two groups (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.98-1.31; n = 3056; I2 = 22%). Therefore, targeted hypothermia with a target temperature of 32-34 °C does not provide mortality benefit or better neurological outcome in patients resuscitated after the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest when compared with normothermia.
| S-EPMC8818536 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Targeted temperature management is recommended for comatose adults and children after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, data on temperature management after in-hospital cardiac arrest are limited. METHODS:In a trial conducted at 37 children's hospitals, we compared two temperature interventions in children who had had in-hospital cardiac arrest. Within 6 hours after the return of circulation, comatose children older than 48 hours and younger than 18 years of age were randomly assigned to therapeutic hypothermia (target temperature, 33.0°C) or therapeutic normothermia (target temperature, 36.8°C). The primary efficacy outcome, survival at 12 months after cardiac arrest with a score of 70 or higher on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second edition (VABS-II, on which scores range from 20 to 160, with higher scores indicating better function), was evaluated among patients who had had a VABS-II score of at least 70 before the cardiac arrest. RESULTS:The trial was terminated because of futility after 329 patients had undergone randomization. Among the 257 patients who had a VABS-II score of at least 70 before cardiac arrest and who could be evaluated, the rate of the primary efficacy outcome did not differ significantly between the hypothermia group and the normothermia group (36% [48 of 133 patients] and 39% [48 of 124 patients], respectively; relative risk, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 1.27; P=0.63). Among 317 patients who could be evaluated for change in neurobehavioral function, the change in VABS-II score from baseline to 12 months did not differ significantly between the groups (P=0.70). Among 327 patients who could be evaluated for 1-year survival, the rate of 1-year survival did not differ significantly between the hypothermia group and the normothermia group (49% [81 of 166 patients] and 46% [74 of 161 patients], respectively; relative risk, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.34; P=0.56). The incidences of blood-product use, infection, and serious adverse events, as well as 28-day mortality, did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS:Among comatose children who survived in-hospital cardiac arrest, therapeutic hypothermia, as compared with therapeutic normothermia, did not confer a significant benefit in survival with a favorable functional outcome at 1 year. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; THAPCA-IH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00880087 .).
| S-EPMC5310766 | biostudies-literature