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Robustness of gut microbiota of healthy adults in response to probiotic intervention revealed by high-throughput pyrosequencing.

ABSTRACT: Probiotics are live microorganisms that potentially confer beneficial outcomes to host by modulating gut microbiota in the intestine. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate effects of probiotics on human intestinal microbiota using 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes with an improved quantitative accuracy for evaluation of the bacterial composition. We obtained 158 faecal samples from 18 healthy adult Japanese who were subjected to intervention with 6 commercially available probiotics containing either Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus strains. We then analysed and compared bacterial composition of the faecal samples collected before, during, and after probiotic intervention by Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and UniFrac distances. The results showed no significant changes in the overall structure of gut microbiota in the samples with and without probiotic administration regardless of groups and types of the probiotics used. We noticed that 32 OTUs (2.7% of all analysed OTUs) assigned to the indigenous species showed a significant increase or decrease of ?10-fold or a quantity difference in >150 reads on probiotic administration. Such OTUs were found to be individual specific and tend to be unevenly distributed in the subjects. These data, thus, suggest robustness of the gut microbiota composition in healthy adults on probiotic administration.

SUBMITTER: Kim SW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3686430 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Robustness of gut microbiota of healthy adults in response to probiotic intervention revealed by high-throughput pyrosequencing.

Kim Seok-Won SW Suda Wataru W Kim Sangwan S Oshima Kenshiro K Fukuda Shinji S Ohno Hiroshi H Morita Hidetoshi H Hattori Masahira M

DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 20130409 3

Probiotics are live microorganisms that potentially confer beneficial outcomes to host by modulating gut microbiota in the intestine. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate effects of probiotics on human intestinal microbiota using 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes with an improved quantitative accuracy for evaluation of the bacterial composition. We obtained 158 faecal samples from 18 healthy adult Japanese who were subjected to intervention with 6 commer ...[more]

PMID: 23571675

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Project description:Despite improved understanding of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, explanations for individual variability in disease progression and response to treatment are incomplete. The gut microbiota has been linked to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and may account for this variability. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of dietary and physical activity/exercise interventions in modulating the gut microbiota and improving glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.A systematic search was conducted to identify studies reporting on the effect of dietary and physical activity/exercise interventions on the gut microbiota and glucose control in individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study characteristics, methodological quality and details relating to interventions were captured using a data-extraction form. Meta-analyses were conducted where sufficient data were available, and other results were reported narratively.Eight studies met the eligibility criteria of the systematic review. No studies were found that reported on the effects of physical activity/exercise on the gut microbiota and glucose control. However, studies reporting on dietary interventions showed that such interventions were associated with modifications to the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. There was a statistically significant improvement in HbA1c (standardised mean difference [SMD] -2.31 mmol/mol [95% CI -2.76, -1.85] [0.21%; 95% CI -0.26, -0.16]; I2?=?0%, p?<?0.01), but not in fasting blood glucose (SMD -0.25 mmol/l [95% CI -0.85, 0.35], I2?=?87%, p?>?0.05), fasting insulin (SMD -1.82 pmol/l [95% CI -7.23, 3.60], I2?=?54%, p?>?0.05) or HOMA-IR (SMD -0.15 [95% CI -0.63, 0.32], I2?=?69%, p?>?0.05) when comparing dietary interventions with comparator groups. There were no significant changes in the relative abundance of bacteria in the genera Bifidobacterium (SMD 1.29% [95% CI -4.45, 7.03], I2?=?33%, p?>?0.05), Roseburia (SMD -0.85% [95% CI -2.91, 1.21], I2?=?79%, p?>?0.05) or Lactobacillus (SMD 0.04% [95% CI -0.01, 0.09], I2?=?0%, p?>?0.05) when comparing dietary interventions with comparator groups. There were, however, other significant changes in the gut microbiota, including changes at various taxonomic levels, including phylum, family, genus and species, Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratios and changes in diversity matrices (? and ?). Dietary intervention had minimal or no effect on inflammation, short-chain fatty acids or anthropometrics.Dietary intervention was found to modulate the gut microbiota and improve glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although the results of the included studies are encouraging, this review highlights the need for further well-conducted interventional studies to inform the clinical use of dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota.

Dataset Information

Robustness of gut microbiota of healthy adults in response to probiotic intervention revealed by high-throughput pyrosequencing.

Publications

Robustness of gut microbiota of healthy adults in response to probiotic intervention revealed by high-throughput pyrosequencing.

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