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Template synthesis of test tube nanoparticles using non-destructive replication.

ABSTRACT: Nano test tubes are a promising delivery vehicle for a range of therapeutics, including small molecule drugs and biologics. However, current template synthesis methods of producing nano test tubes are prohibitively expensive and time consuming. Here, non-destructive template replication was used to increase nano test tube yield from porous alumina by more than a hundredfold. We demonstrate how to produce nano test tubes of several sizes and compositions, including hybrid tubes with different inner and outer surfaces for targeted surface chemistry. Nano test tubes were readily suspended and stored in aqueous solutions without the need for chemical treatment. These nano test tubes should find application as delivery vehicles for therapeutics, particularly for processive 'bionanoreactors' loaded with enzymes.

SUBMITTER: Wagner J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3689541 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Template synthesis of test tube nanoparticles using non-destructive replication.

Wagner Jonathan J Yao Jingyuan J Rodgers David D Hinds Bruce B

Nanotechnology 20130201 8

Nano test tubes are a promising delivery vehicle for a range of therapeutics, including small molecule drugs and biologics. However, current template synthesis methods of producing nano test tubes are prohibitively expensive and time consuming. Here, non-destructive template replication was used to increase nano test tube yield from porous alumina by more than a hundredfold. We demonstrate how to produce nano test tubes of several sizes and compositions, including hybrid tubes with different inn ...[more]

PMID: 23376956

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Project description:Background and Objectives: The gold standard for a successful prosthetic approach is the osseointegration of an implant. However, this integration can be a problem in cases where the implant needs to be removed. Removing the implant with minimal damage to the surrounding tissues is important. Osteocytes cannot survive below -2 °C, but epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and other surrounding tissue cells can. Remodeling can be triggered by cryotherapy at temperatures that specifically affect osteocyte necrosis. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for reversing the osseointegration mechanism and for protecting the surrounding tissues by bone remodeling induced by CO2 cryotherapy. Materials and Methods: In this study, eight 2.8 mm diameter, one-piece mini implants were used in New Zealand rabbit tibias. Two control and six implants were tested in this study. After 2 months of osseointegration, a reverse torque force method was used to remove all osseointegrated implants at 5, 10, 20, and 30 Ncm. The osseointegration of the implants was proven by periotest measurements. Changes in bone tissue were examined in histological sections stained with toluidine blue after rabbit sacrifice. The number of lacunae with osteocyte, empty lacunae, and lacunae greater than 5 µm and the osteon number in a 10,000 µm2 area were calculated. Cryotherapy was applied to the test implants for 1 min, 2 min, and 5 min. Three implants were subjected to cryotherapy at -40 °C, and the other implants were subjected to cryotherapy at -80 °C. Results: Empty lacunae, filled osteocytes, lacunae >5 µm, and the osteon count around the implant applied at -40 °C were not significantly different from the control implants. The application of -40 °C for 1 min was found to cause minimal damage to the bone cells. The implants, which were applied for 1 min and 2 min, were successfully explanted on the 2nd day with the 5 Ncm reverse torque method. Test implants, which were applied cold for 5 min, were explanted on day 1. Tissue damage was detected in all test groups at -80 °C. Conclusions: The method of removing implants with cryotherapy was found to be successful in -40 °C freeze-thaw cycles applied three times for 1 min. To prove implant removal with cryotherapy, more implant trials should be conducted.

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Template synthesis of test tube nanoparticles using non-destructive replication.

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Template synthesis of test tube nanoparticles using non-destructive replication.

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