Dataset Information

FireStem2D--a two-dimensional heat transfer model for simulating tree stem injury in fires.

ABSTRACT: FireStem2D, a software tool for predicting tree stem heating and injury in forest fires, is a physically-based, two-dimensional model of stem thermodynamics that results from heating at the bark surface. It builds on an earlier one-dimensional model (FireStem) and provides improved capabilities for predicting fire-induced mortality and injury before a fire occurs by resolving stem moisture loss, temperatures through the stem, degree of bark charring, and necrotic depth around the stem. We present the results of numerical parameterization and model evaluation experiments for FireStem2D that simulate laboratory stem-heating experiments of 52 tree sections from 25 trees. We also conducted a set of virtual sensitivity analysis experiments to test the effects of unevenness of heating around the stem and with aboveground height using data from two studies: a low-intensity surface fire and a more intense crown fire. The model allows for improved understanding and prediction of the effects of wildland fire on injury and mortality of trees of different species and sizes.

SUBMITTER: Chatziefstratiou EK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3716762 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

FireStem2D--a two-dimensional heat transfer model for simulating tree stem injury in fires.

Chatziefstratiou Efthalia K EK Bohrer Gil G Bova Anthony S AS Subramanian Ravishankar R Frasson Renato P M RP Scherzer Amy A Butler Bret W BW Dickinson Matthew B MB

PloS one 20130719 7

FireStem2D, a software tool for predicting tree stem heating and injury in forest fires, is a physically-based, two-dimensional model of stem thermodynamics that results from heating at the bark surface. It builds on an earlier one-dimensional model (FireStem) and provides improved capabilities for predicting fire-induced mortality and injury before a fire occurs by resolving stem moisture loss, temperatures through the stem, degree of bark charring, and necrotic depth around the stem. We presen ...[more]

PMID: 23894599

Similar Datasets

Project description:In this study, we extended our previously developed anatomically detailed three-dimensional (3-D) thermoregulatory virtual human model for predicting heat stress to allow for predictions of heat and cold stress in one unified model. Starting with the modified Pennes bioheat transfer equation to estimate the spatiotemporal temperature distribution within the body as the underlying modeling structure, we developed a new formulation to characterize the spatial variation of blood temperature between body elements and within the limbs. We also implemented the means to represent heat generated from shivering and skin blood flow that apply to air exposure and water immersion. Then, we performed simulations and validated the model predictions with experimental data from nine studies, representing a wide range of heat- and cold-stress conditions in air and water and physical activities. We observed excellent agreement between model predictions and measured data, with average root mean squared errors of 0.2°C for core temperature, 0.9°C for mean skin temperature, and 27 W for heat from shivering. We found that a spatially varying blood temperature profile within the limbs was crucial to accurately predict core body temperature changes during very cold exposures. Our 3-D thermoregulatory virtual human model consistently predicted the body's thermal state accurately for each of the simulated hot and cold environmental conditions and exertional heat stress. As such, it serves as a reliable tool to assess whole body, localized tissue, and, potentially, organ-specific injury risks, helping develop injury prevention and mitigation strategies in a systematic and expeditious manner.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work provides a new, unified modeling framework to accurately predict the human body's thermal response to both heat and cold stress caused by environmental conditions and exertional physical activity in one mathematical model. We show that this 3-D anatomically detailed model accurately predicts the spatiotemporal temperature distribution in the body under extreme conditions for exposures to air and water and could be used to help design medical interventions and countermeasures to prevent injuries.

Dataset Information

FireStem2D--a two-dimensional heat transfer model for simulating tree stem injury in fires.

Publications

FireStem2D--a two-dimensional heat transfer model for simulating tree stem injury in fires.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets