Dataset Information

Peripheral blood HIV DNA is associated with atrophy of cerebellar and subcortical gray matter.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

We evaluated regional brain volumes and cerebral metabolite levels as correlates of HIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 35 HIV+ subjects aged ?40 years (25 with detectable PBMC HIV DNA; 10 with HIV DNA <10 copies/10(6) cells, the threshold of detection) and 12 seronegative controls underwent structural brain MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T. HIV+ subjects were on combination antiretroviral therapy ?1 year; all but 1 had plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/mL. We used logistic regression to evaluate relationships of likely predictor variables to the outcome of PBMC HIV DNA detectability in the HIV+ subjects. Effects of serostatus and HIV DNA on regional brain volumes (normalized to intracranial volume) and on metabolite ratios over creatine were evaluated by analyses of covariance, controlling for age.

Results

Relative to the HIV+ group with undetectable HIV DNA, subjects with detectable HIV DNA demonstrated decreased volumes of cerebellar (-14%, p = 0.020) and total subcortical (-10%, p = 0.024) gray matter. Compared to healthy controls, only the detectable HIV DNA group showed significant (p < 0.05) enlargement of lateral ventricles and volumetric reductions of caudate, putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, brainstem, total cortical gray matter, and cerebral white matter. Detectable HIV DNA was not associated with significantly altered cerebral metabolite levels.

Conclusion

Inability to clear peripheral blood of HIV DNA is associated with regional brain atrophy in well-controlled HIV infection, supporting the involvement of peripheral viral reservoirs in the neuropathogenesis of persistent HIV-related neurocognitive disorders.

SUBMITTER: Kallianpur KJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3719430 | biostudies-literature | 2013 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Peripheral blood HIV DNA is associated with atrophy of cerebellar and subcortical gray matter.

Kallianpur Kalpana J KJ Shikuma Cecilia C Kirk Gregory R GR Shiramizu Bruce B Valcour Victor V Chow Dominic D Souza Scott S Nakamoto Beau B Sailasuta Napapon N

Neurology 20130417 19

<h4>Objective</h4>We evaluated regional brain volumes and cerebral metabolite levels as correlates of HIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).<h4>Methods</h4>In this cross-sectional study, 35 HIV+ subjects aged ≥40 years (25 with detectable PBMC HIV DNA; 10 with HIV DNA <10 copies/10(6) cells, the threshold of detection) and 12 seronegative controls underwent structural brain MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T. HIV+ subjects were on combination antiretroviral therapy ≥1 ...[more]

PMID: 23596064

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Project description:A failure of adaptive inference-misinterpreting available sensory information for appropriate perception and action-is at the heart of clinical manifestations of schizophrenia, implicating key subcortical structures in the brain including the hippocampus. We used high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) fractal geometry analysis to study subtle and potentially biologically relevant structural alterations (in the geometry of protrusions, gyri and indentations, sulci) in subcortical gray matter (GM) in patients with schizophrenia relative to healthy individuals. In particular, we focus on utilizing Fractal Dimension (FD), a compact shape descriptor that can be computed using inputs with irregular (i.e., not necessarily smooth) surfaces in order to quantify complexity (of geometrical properties and configurations of structures across spatial scales) of subcortical GM in this disorder. Probabilistic (entropy-based) information FD was computed based on the box-counting approach for each of the seven subcortical structures, bilaterally, as well as the brainstem from high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images in chronic patients with schizophrenia (n = 19) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 19) (age ranges: patients, 22.7-54.3 and healthy controls, 24.9-51.6 years old). We found a significant reduction of FD in the left hippocampus (median: 2.1460, range: 2.07-2.18 vs. median: 2.1730, range: 2.15-2.23, p<0.001; Cohen's effect size, U3 = 0.8158 (95% Confidence Intervals, CIs: 0.6316, 1.0)), the right hippocampus (median: 2.1430, range: 2.05-2.19 vs. median: 2.1760, range: 2.12-2.21, p = 0.004; U3 = 0.8421 (CIs: 0.5263, 1)), as well as left thalamus (median: 2.4230, range: 2.40-2.44, p = 0.005; U3 = 0.7895 (CIs: 0.5789, 0.9473)) in schizophrenia patients, relative to healthy individuals. Our findings provide in-vivo quantitative evidence for reduced surface complexity of hippocampus, with reduced FD indicating a less complex, less regular GM surface detected in schizophrenia.

Dataset Information

Peripheral blood HIV DNA is associated with atrophy of cerebellar and subcortical gray matter.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Peripheral blood HIV DNA is associated with atrophy of cerebellar and subcortical gray matter.

Similar Datasets

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