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Effects of individual and combined dietary weight loss and exercise interventions in postmenopausal women on adiponectin and leptin levels.

ABSTRACT: Excess body weight and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer in women. One proposed mechanism linking obesity to chronic diseases is an alteration in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin levels. We investigated the effects of 12-month reduced calorie, weight loss and exercise interventions on adiponectin and leptin concentrations.Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (n = 439) were randomized as follows: (i) a reduced calorie, weight-loss diet (diet; N = 118), (ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise (exercise; N = 117), (iii) a combination of a reduced calorie, weight-loss diet and moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise (diet + exercise; N = 117), and (iv) control (N = 87). The reduced calorie diet had a 10% weight-loss goal. The exercise intervention consisted of 45 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic activity 5 days per week. Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured at baseline and after 12 months of intervention using a radioimmunoassay.Adiponectin increased by 9.5% in the diet group and 6.6% in the diet + exercise group (both P ? 0.0001 vs. control). Compared with controls, leptin decreased with all interventions (diet + exercise, -40.1%, P < 0.0001; diet, -27.1%, P < 0.0001; exercise, -12.7%, P = 0.005). The results were not influenced by the baseline body mass index (BMI). The degree of weight loss was inversely associated with concentrations of adiponectin (diet, P-trend = 0.0002; diet + exercise, P-trend = 0.0005) and directly associated with leptin (diet, P-trend < 0.0001; diet + exercise, P-trend < 0.0001).Weight loss through diet or diet + exercise increased adiponectin concentrations. Leptin concentrations decreased in all of the intervention groups, but the greatest reduction occurred with diet + exercise. Weight loss and exercise exerted some beneficial effects on chronic diseases via effects on adiponectin and leptin.

SUBMITTER: Abbenhardt C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3738194 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of individual and combined dietary weight loss and exercise interventions in postmenopausal women on adiponectin and leptin levels.

Abbenhardt C C McTiernan A A Alfano C M CM Wener M H MH Campbell K L KL Duggan C C Foster-Schubert K E KE Kong A A Toriola A T AT Potter J D JD Mason C C Xiao L L Blackburn G L GL Bain C C Ulrich C M CM

Journal of internal medicine 20130329 2

<h4>Background</h4>Excess body weight and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer in women. One proposed mechanism linking obesity to chronic diseases is an alteration in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin levels. We investigated the effects of 12-month reduced calorie, weight loss and exercise interventions on adiponectin and leptin concentrations.<h4>Methods</h4>Overweight/obese postmenopausal wome ...[more]

PMID: 23432360

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Project description:The effects of exercise training (Ex), dietary interventions (DIs), and a combination of Ex and DI (Ex + DI) on leptin and adiponectin have been established. However, less is known regarding the comparisons of Ex with DI and of Ex + DI with either Ex or DI alone. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to compare the effects of Ex with those of DI and those of Ex + DI with those of either Ex or DI alone on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity. PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE were searched to identify original articles, published through June 2022, that compared the effects of Ex with those of DI and/or the effects of Ex + DI with those of Ex and/or DI on leptin and adiponectin in individuals with BMIs (in kg/m2) of ≥25 and aged 7-70 y. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighted mean differences, and 95% CIs were calculated using random-effect models for outcomes. Forty-seven studies, comprising 3872 participants who were overweight and those with obesity, were included in the current meta-analysis. DI reduced the concentration of leptin (SMD: -0.30; P = 0.001) and increased the concentration of adiponectin (SMD: 0.23; P = 0.001) compared with Ex, as did Ex + DI (leptin: SMD: -0.34; P = 0.001; adiponectin: SMD: 0.37; P = 0.004) compared with Ex alone. However, Ex + DI did not affect the concentration of adiponectin (SMD: 0.10; P = 0.11) and led to inconsistent and nonsignificant changes in the concentration of leptin (SMD: -0.13; P = 0.06) compared with DI alone. Subgroup analyses showed that age, BMI, duration of intervention, type of supervision, quality of the study, and magnitude of energy restriction are sources of heterogeneity. Our results suggest that Ex alone was not as effective as DI or Ex + DI for decreasing leptin and increasing adiponectin in individuals with overweight and obesity. However, Ex + DI was not more effective than DI alone, suggesting that diet plays a critical role in beneficially altering the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021283532.

Dataset Information

Effects of individual and combined dietary weight loss and exercise interventions in postmenopausal women on adiponectin and leptin levels.

Publications

Effects of individual and combined dietary weight loss and exercise interventions in postmenopausal women on adiponectin and leptin levels.

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