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Genome analysis reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the Brandt's bat Myotis brandtii.

ABSTRACT: Bats account for one-fifth of mammalian species, are the only mammals with powered flight, and are among the few animals that echolocate. The insect-eating Brandt's bat (Myotis brandtii) is the longest-lived bat species known to date (lifespan exceeds 40 years) and, at 4-8?g adult body weight, is the most extreme mammal with regard to disparity between body mass and longevity. Here we report sequencing and analysis of the Brandt's bat genome and transcriptome, which suggest adaptations consistent with echolocation and hibernation, as well as altered metabolism, reproduction and visual function. Unique sequence changes in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors are also observed. The data suggest that an altered growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis, which may be common to other long-lived bat species, together with adaptations such as hibernation and low reproductive rate, contribute to the exceptional lifespan of the Brandt's bat.

SUBMITTER: Seim I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3753542 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genome analysis reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the Brandt's bat Myotis brandtii.

Seim Inge I Fang Xiaodong X Xiong Zhiqiang Z Lobanov Alexey V AV Huang Zhiyong Z Ma Siming S Feng Yue Y Turanov Anton A AA Zhu Yabing Y Lenz Tobias L TL Gerashchenko Maxim V MV Fan Dingding D Hee Yim Sun S Yao Xiaoming X Jordan Daniel D Xiong Yingqi Y Ma Yong Y Lyapunov Andrey N AN Chen Guanxing G Kulakova Oksana I OI Sun Yudong Y Lee Sang-Goo SG Bronson Roderick T RT Moskalev Alexey A AA Sunyaev Shamil R SR Zhang Guojie G Krogh Anders A Wang Jun J Wang Jun J Gladyshev Vadim N VN

Nature communications 20130101

Bats account for one-fifth of mammalian species, are the only mammals with powered flight, and are among the few animals that echolocate. The insect-eating Brandt's bat (Myotis brandtii) is the longest-lived bat species known to date (lifespan exceeds 40 years) and, at 4-8 g adult body weight, is the most extreme mammal with regard to disparity between body mass and longevity. Here we report sequencing and analysis of the Brandt's bat genome and transcriptome, which suggest adaptations consisten ...[more]

PMID: 23962925

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Project description:BackgroundChiroptera, the bats, are the only order of mammals capable of true self-powered flight. Bats exhibit a number of other exceptional traits such as echolocation, viral tolerance and, perhaps most puzzlingly, extreme longevity given their body size. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving their extended longevity particularly at the levels of gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that may underlie their unusual longevity, we have deep sequenced 246.5 million small RNA reads from whole blood of the long-lived greater mouse-eared bats, Myotis myotis, and conducted a series of genome-wide comparative analyses between bat and non-bat mammals (human, pig and cow) in both blood miRNomes and transcriptomes, for the first time.ResultsWe identified 539 miRNA gene candidates from bats, of which 468 unique mature miRNA were obtained. More than half of these miRNA (65.1 %) were regarded as bat-specific, regulating genes involved in the immune, ageing and tumorigenesis pathways. We have also developed a stringent pipeline for genome-wide miRNome comparisons across species, and identified 37 orthologous miRNA groups shared with bat, human, pig and cow, 6 of which were differentially expressed. For bats, 3 out of 4 up-regulated miRNA (miR-101-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-143-3p) likely function as tumor suppressors against various kinds of cancers, while one down-regulated miRNA (miR-221-5p) acts as a tumorigenesis promoter in human breast and pancreatic cancers. Additionally, a genome-wide comparison of mRNA transcriptomes across species also revealed specific gene expression patterns in bats. 127 up-regulated genes were enriched mainly in mitotic cell cycle and DNA repair mechanisms, while 364 down-regulated genes were involved primarily in mitochondrial activity.ConclusionsOur comprehensive and integrative analyses revealed bat-specific and differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA that function in key longevity pathways, producing a distinct bat gene expression pattern. For the first time, we show that bats may possess unique regulatory mechanisms for resisting tumorigenesis, repairing cellular damage and preventing oxidative stresses, all of which likely contribute to the extraordinary lifespan of Myotis myotis.

Dataset Information

Genome analysis reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the Brandt's bat Myotis brandtii.

Publications

Genome analysis reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the Brandt's bat Myotis brandtii.

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