Croatian smoke-free law and smoking habits among employees of health care facilities in Koprivnica-Krizevci County.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gazdek D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3760667 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Croatian smoke-free law and smoking habits among employees of health care facilities in Koprivnica-Križevci County.
Gazdek Davorka D Samardzic Senka S
Croatian medical journal 20130801 4
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Project description:BackgroundA comprehensive smoke-free air law was enacted on June 1, 2012 in most of Marion County, Indiana, including all of the City of Indianapolis. We evaluated changes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admission rates in Indianapolis and Marion County before compared to after the law.MethodsWe collected AMI admissions from five Marion County hospitals between May 2007 and December 2014. We used Poisson regression to evaluate the overall effects of the law on monthly AMI hospitalizations, adjusting for month, seasonality, meteorology, air pollution, and hospital utilization. We tested the interactions between the law and AMI risk factors on monthly AMI admission rates to identify subpopulations for which the effects might be stronger.ResultsMonthly AMI admissions declined 20% (95% CI 14-25%) in Marion County and 25% (95% CI 20-29%) in Indianapolis after the law was implemented. We observed decreases among never (21%, 95% CI 13-29%), former (28%, 95% CI 21-34%), and current smokers (26%, 95% CI 11-38%); Medicaid beneficiaries (19%, 95% CI 9-29%) and non-beneficiaries (26%, 95% CI 20-31%). We observed decreases among those with a history of diabetes (Yes: 22%, 95% CI 14-29%; No: 25%, 95% CI 18-31%), congestive heart failure (Yes: 23%, 95% CI 16-30%; No: 24%, 95% CI 17-31%), and hypertension (Yes: 23%, 95% CI 17-28%: No: 26%, 95% CI 15-36%).ConclusionsWe observed decreases in AMI admissions comparable with previous studies. We identified subpopulations who benefitted from the law, such as former and current smokers, and those without comorbidities such as congestive heart failure and hypertension.
| S-EPMC5810184 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To assess long term compliance with the California Smoke-Free Workplace Law in Los Angeles County freestanding bars and bar/restaurants. DESIGN:Population based annual site inspection survey of a random sample of Los Angeles County freestanding bars and bar/restaurants was conducted from 1998 to 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The primary outcomes of interest were patron and employee smoking. The secondary outcomes of interest were the presence of ashtrays and designated outdoor smoking areas. RESULTS:Significant increases in patron non-smoking compliance were found for freestanding bars (45.7% to 75.8%, p < 0.0001) and bar/restaurants (92.2% to 98.5%, p < 0.0001) between 1998 and 2002. Increases in employee non-smoking compliance were found for freestanding bars (86.2% to 94.7%, p < 0.0003) and bar/restaurants (96.5% to 99.2%, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS:This study provides clear evidence that the California Smoke-Free Workplace Law has been effective at reducing patron and employee smoking in Los Angeles County bars and restaurants. Recommendations include educational campaigns targeted to freestanding bar owners and staff to counter perceptions of lost revenue, more rigorous enforcement, and more severe penalties for repeat violators such as alcohol licence revocation. Policymakers can enact smoke-free restaurant and bar policies to protect employees and patrons from secondhand smoke, confident that these laws can be successfully implemented.
| S-EPMC1747734 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the absence of comprehensive smoking bans in public places, bars and nightclubs have the highest concentrations of secondhand tobacco smoke, posing a serious health risk for workers in these venues.To assess exposure of bar and nightclub employees to secondhand smoke, including non-smoking and smoking employees.Between 2007 and 2009, the authors recruited approximately 10 venues per city and up to five employees per venue in 24 cities in the Americas, Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. Air nicotine concentrations were measured for 7 days in 238 venues. To evaluate personal exposure to secondhand smoke, hair nicotine concentrations were also measured for 625 non-smoking and 311 smoking employees (N=936).Median (IQR) air nicotine concentrations were 3.5 (1.5-8.5) ?g/m(3) and 0.2 (0.1-0.7) ?g/m(3) in smoking and smoke-free venues, respectively. Median (IQR) hair nicotine concentrations were 6.0 (1.6-16.0) ng/mg and 1.7 (0.5-5.5) ng/mg in smoking and non-smoking employees, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, education, living with a smoker, hair treatment and region, a twofold increase in air nicotine concentrations was associated with a 30% (95% CI 23% to 38%) increase in hair nicotine concentrations in non-smoking employees and with a 10% (2% to 19%) increase in smoking employees.Occupational exposure to secondhand smoke, assessed by air nicotine, resulted in elevated concentrations of hair nicotine among non-smoking and smoking bar and nightclub employees. The high levels of airborne nicotine found in bars and nightclubs and the contribution of this exposure to employee hair nicotine concentrations support the need for legislation measures that ensure complete protection from secondhand smoke in these venues.
| S-EPMC3701027 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the California 1995 Smoke-Free Workplace Act (SFWA) on cigarette smoking prevalence in the population. We used survey responses related to cigarette smoking from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 1990 to 2000. We utilize a synthetic control method which creates a weighted combination of control states to produce a single 'synthetic' control group to best approximate the counterfactual trend in California in the absence of the SFWA. Variables known to be associated with smoking were included to weight each state in the pre-intervention period as medians by state and included: distribution of race/ethnicity (White, Black, Asian, Hispanic), sex (Male/Female), marital status (married/unmarried), high school education (yes/no) and employment status (yes/no). We find evidence that there was a small decrease in population smoking prevalence in California in the year immediately following the SFWA, but this effect was not sustained beyond 1995. We hypothesize that one potential explanation for the lack of prolonged impact on population smoking prevalence is that there are sustained effects from the passage of 1989 California Proposition 99, which enacted an excise tax on tobacco products. Understanding how workplace smoking ban legislation affects population smoking behaviors is necessary to better inform policy development in other states and counties and to improve existing policies. Future work should consider the impact of smoking legislation impacts subgroups of the population by socioeconomic status, occupation or race/ethnicity.
| S-EPMC7394745 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine the effect of the Delaware smoke-free law on gaming revenue.MethodsLinear regression of gaming revenue and average revenue per machine on a public policy variable, time, while controlling for economic activity and seasonal effects.ResultsThe linear regression showed that the smoke-free law was associated with no effect on total revenue or average revenue per machine.ConclusionSmoke-free laws are associated with no change in gaming revenue.
| S-EPMC1747973 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to analyse the impact of comprehensive smoke-free legislation (SFL) on the prevalence and incidence of adult smoking in primary healthcare (PHC) patients from three Spanish regions, overall and stratified by sex. DESIGN:Longitudinal observational study conducted between 2008 and 2013. SETTING:66 PHC teams in Catalonia, Navarre and the Balearic Islands (Spain). PARTICIPANTS:Population over 15 years of age assigned to PHC teams. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES:Quarterly age-standardised prevalence of non-smoker, smoker and ex-smoker and incidence of new smoker, new ex-smoker and ex-smoker relapse rates were estimated with data retrieved from PHC electronic health records. Joinpoint analysis was used to analyse the trends of age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates. Trends were expressed as annual percentage change and average annual percent change. RESULTS:The overall standardised smoker prevalence rate showed a significant downward trend (higher in men than women) and the overall standardised ex-smoker prevalence rate showed a significant increased trend (higher in women than men) in the three regions. Standardised smoker and ex-smoker prevalence rates were higher for men than women in all regions. With regard to overall trends of incidence rates, new smokers decreased significantly in Catalonia and Navarre and similarly in men and women, new ex-smokers decreased significantly and more in men in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, and ex-smoker relapse increased in Catalonia (particularly in women) and decreased in Navarre. CONCLUSIONS:Trends in smoking behaviour in PHC patients remain unchanged after the implementation of comprehensive SFL. The impact of the comprehensive SFL might have been lessened by the effect of the preceding partial SFL.
| S-EPMC6443085 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPeople who smoke with serious mental illness carry disproportionate costs from smoking, including poor health and premature death from tobacco-related illnesses. Hospitals in New Zealand are ostensibly smoke-free; however, some mental health wards have resisted implementing this policy.AimThis study explored smoking in acute metal health wards using data emerging from a large sociological study on modern acute psychiatric units.MethodsEighty-five in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff and service users from four units. Data were analysed using a social constructionist problem representation approach.ResultsAlthough high-level smoke-free policies were mandatory, most participants disregarded these policies and smoking occurred in internal courtyards. Staff reasoned that acute admissions were not the time to quit smoking, citing the sceptres of distress and possibly violence; further, they found smoking challenging to combat. Inconsistent enforcement of smoke-free policies was common and problematic. Many service users also rejected smoke-free policies; they considered smoking facilitated social connections, alleviated boredom, and helped them feel calm in a distressing environment - some started or increased smoking following admission. A minority viewed smoking as a problem; a fire hazard, or pollutant. No one mentioned its health risks.ConclusionPsychiatric wards remain overlooked corners where hospital smoke-free policies are inconsistently applied or ignored. Well-meaning staff hold strong but anachronistic views about smoking. To neglect smoking cessation support for people with serious mental illness is discriminatory and perpetuates health and socioeconomic inequities. However, blanket applications of generic policy are unlikely to succeed. Solutions may include myth-busting education for service users and staff, local champions, and strong managerial support and leadership, with additional resourcing during transition phases. Smoke-free policies need consistent application with non-judgemental NRT and, potentially, other treatments. Smoking cessation would be supported by better designed facilities with more options for alleviating boredom, expressing autonomy, facilitating social connections, and reducing distress.
| S-EPMC8592473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tobacco use is the second major cause of morbidity and the 4th most common health risk factor in the world. Medical professionals have a critical role in the process of smoking cessation both as advisers and behavioural models for the citizens. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of smoking among health care professionals, their smoking habits and personal attitudes toward smoking, role and the responsibility of health care professionals in the prevention of smoking.Out of the total number of examinees, 175 (35,1%) are active smokers, 29 (5,8%) are former smokers, and 295 (59,1%) are non-smokers. Nurses with secondary education disagree the most with the claim that passive smoking is more harmful to health (χ2 test, p = .008), also with the claim that the introduced Smoking Act is fair to smokers (χ2 test, p = .021). More nurses with secondary education disagree completely or partially that one should pay attention to smoking in the presence of non-smokers (χ2 test, p = .012).Training programs for health care workers are needed to improve their ability in smoking cessation techniques to provide active support to their patients.
| S-EPMC5530462 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesWe determined whether racial/ethnic disparities existed in coverage by type of 100% smoke-free private workplace, restaurant, and bar laws from 2000 to 2009.MethodsWe combined US census population data and the American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation US Tobacco Control Database to calculate the percentage of individuals in counties covered by each type of law by race/ethnicity from 2000 to 2009.ResultsMore of the US Hispanic and Asian populations were covered by 100% smoke-free restaurant and bar laws than non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black populations. Asian coverage by smoke-free bars laws increased from 36% to 75%, and Hispanic coverage increased from 31% to 62%, compared with 6% to 41% for non-Hispanic Blacks and 8% to 49% for non-Hispanic Whites.ConclusionsHispanics and Asians benefited more from the rapid spread of smoke-free law coverage, whereas non-Hispanic Blacks benefited less. These ethnic disparities suggest a likely effect of geographic region and may provide a basis for more effective, community-based, and tailored policy-related interventions, particularly regarding areas with high concentrations of non-Hispanic Blacks.
| S-EPMC3698815 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveExplore potential changes in the characteristics of patients requesting smoking cessation treatment at an outpatient setting in Spain before and after Law 42/2010 was enacted.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. The information was obtained from the medical records of patients receiving smoking cessation treatment from January 2008 to December 2014.SettingHospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia.Participants423 patients who sought smoking cessation treatment 36 months before or 48 months after the enactment of the law.ResultsAfter the enactment of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Spain, the patients seeking smoking cessation treatment were older (p=0.003), had lower values of exhaled CO (p<0.0001), lower number of previous attempts to quit (p=0.027) and more history of medical problems related to smoking (p=0.002).ConclusionOur findings support the idea that society-nation level interventions could have an impact at the individual level, reflected by the change of patients' characteristics. It seems that the Law 42/2010 mobilised certain group of patients to seek treatment.
| S-EPMC7232619 | biostudies-literature