Dataset Information

Management of the patient with medically refractory epilepsy.

ABSTRACT: Epilepsy imposes a significant clinical, epidemiologic and economic burden on societies throughout the world. Despite the development of more than ten new antiepileptic drugs over the past 15 years, approximately a third of patients with epilepsy remain resistant to pharmacotherapy. Individuals who fail to respond, or respond only partially, continue to have incapacitating seizures. Managing patients with medically refractory epilepsy is challenging and requires a structured multidisciplinary approach in specialized clinics. If the problems related to drug resistance could be resolved, even in part, by improving the pharmacokinetic profile of existing drugs, the economic savings would be remarkable and the time required to design drugs that achieve seizure control would be shorter than the discovery of new targets and molecules was required. A promising approach is the use of corticosteroids that may have a dual beneficial effect. Resective brain surgery remains the ultimate and highly successful approach to multiple drug resistance in epileptic patients.

SUBMITTER: Granata T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3761964 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Management of the patient with medically refractory epilepsy.

Granata Tiziana T Marchi Nicola N Carlton Erin E Ghosh Chaitali C Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge J Alexopoulos Andreas V AV Janigro Damir D

Expert review of neurotherapeutics 20091201 12

Epilepsy imposes a significant clinical, epidemiologic and economic burden on societies throughout the world. Despite the development of more than ten new antiepileptic drugs over the past 15 years, approximately a third of patients with epilepsy remain resistant to pharmacotherapy. Individuals who fail to respond, or respond only partially, continue to have incapacitating seizures. Managing patients with medically refractory epilepsy is challenging and requires a structured multidisciplinary ap ...[more]

PMID: 19951138

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundHybrid PET/MRI can non-invasively improve localization and delineation of the epileptic focus (EF) prior to surgical resection in medically refractory epilepsy (MRE), especially when MRI is negative or equivocal. In this study, we developed a PET-guided diffusion tractography (PET/DTI) approach combining 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) and diffusion MRI to investigate white matter (WM) integrity in MRI-negative MRE patients and its potential impact on epilepsy surgical planning.MethodsFDG-PET and diffusion MRI of 14 MRI-negative or equivocal MRE patients were used to retrospectively pilot the PET/DTI approach. We used asymmetry index (AI) mapping of FDG-PET to detect the EF as brain areas showing the largest decrease in FDG uptake between hemispheres. Seed-based WM fiber tracking was performed on DTI images with a seed location in WM 3 mm from the EF. Fiber tractography was repeated in the contralateral brain region (opposite to EF), which served as a control for this study. WM fibers were quantified by calculating the fiber count, mean fractional anisotropy (FA), mean fiber length, and mean cross-section of each fiber bundle. WM integrity was assessed through fiber visualization and by normalizing ipsilateral fiber measurements to contralateral fiber measurements. The added value of PET/DTI in clinical decision-making was evaluated by a senior neurologist.ResultsIn over 60% of the patient cohort, AI mapping findings were concordant with clinical reports on seizure-onset localization and lateralization. Mean FA, fiber count, and mean fiber length were decreased in 14/14 (100%), 13/14 (93%), and 12/14 (86%) patients, respectively. PET/DTI improved diagnostic confidence in 10/14 (71%) patients and indicated that surgical candidacy be reassessed in 3/6 (50%) patients who had not undergone surgery.ConclusionsWe demonstrate here the utility of AI mapping in detecting the EF based on brain regions showing decreased FDG-PET activity and, when coupled with DTI, could be a powerful tool for detecting EF and assessing WM integrity in MRI-negative epilepsy. PET/DTI could be used to further enhance clinical decision-making in epilepsy surgery.

Project description:Background: Several neuroimaging studies report structural alterations of the trigeminal nerve in trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Less attention has been paid to structural brain changes occurring in TN, even though such changes can influence the development and response to treatment of other headache and chronic pain conditions. The purpose of this study was to apply a novel neuroimaging technique-texture analysis-to identify structural brain differences between classical TN patients and healthy subjects. Methods: We prospectively recruited 14 medically refractory classical TN patients and 20 healthy subjects. 3-Tesla T1-weighted brain MRI scans were acquired in all participants. Three texture features (autocorrelation, contrast, energy) were calculated within four a priori brain regions of interest (anterior cingulate, insula, thalamus, brainstem). Voxel-wise analysis was used to identify clusters of texture difference between TN patients and healthy subjects within regions of interest (p < 0.001, cluster size >20 voxels). Median raw texture values within clusters were also compared between groups, and further used to differentiate TN patients from healthy subjects (receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis). Median raw texture values were correlated with pain severity (visual analog scale, 1-100) and illness duration. Results: Several clusters of texture difference were observed between TN patients and healthy subjects: right-sided TN patients showed reduced autocorrelation in the left brainstem, increased contrast in the left brainstem and right anterior insula, and reduced energy in right and left anterior cingulate, right midbrain, and left brainstem. Within-cluster median raw texture values also differed between TN patients and healthy subjects: TN patients could be segregated from healthy subjects using brainstem autocorrelation (p = 0.0040, AUC = 0.84, sensitivity = 89%, specificity = 70%), anterior insula contrast (p = 0.0002, AUC = 0.92, sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 100%), and anterior cingulate energy (p = 0.0004, AUC = 0.92, sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 100%). Additionally, anterior insula contrast and duration of TN were inversely correlated (p = 0.030, Spearman r = -0.73). Conclusions: Texture analysis reveals distinct brain abnormalities in TN, which relate to clinical features such as duration of illness. These findings further implicate structural brain changes in the development and maintenance of TN.

Dataset Information

Management of the patient with medically refractory epilepsy.

Publications

Management of the patient with medically refractory epilepsy.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets