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Family-based association tests for sequence data, and comparisons with population-based association tests.

ABSTRACT: Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies make it increasingly more efficient to sequence large cohorts for many complex traits. We discuss here a class of sequence-based association tests for family-based designs that corresponds naturally to previously proposed population-based tests, including the classical Burden and variance-component tests. This framework allows for a direct comparison between the powers of sequence-based association tests with family- vs population-based designs. We show that for dichotomous traits using family-based controls results in similar power levels as the population-based design (although at an increased sequencing cost for the family-based design), while for continuous traits (in random samples, no ascertainment) the population-based design can be substantially more powerful. A possible disadvantage of population-based designs is that they can lead to increased false-positive rates in the presence of population stratification, while the family-based designs are robust to population stratification. We show also an application to a small exome-sequencing family-based study on autism spectrum disorders. The tests are implemented in publicly available software.

SUBMITTER: Ionita-Laza I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3778346 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Family-based association tests for sequence data, and comparisons with population-based association tests.

Ionita-Laza Iuliana I Lee Seunggeun S Makarov Vladimir V Buxbaum Joseph D JD Lin Xihong X

European journal of human genetics : EJHG 20130206 10

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies make it increasingly more efficient to sequence large cohorts for many complex traits. We discuss here a class of sequence-based association tests for family-based designs that corresponds naturally to previously proposed population-based tests, including the classical Burden and variance-component tests. This framework allows for a direct comparison between the powers of sequence-based association tests with family- vs population-based ...[more]

PMID: 23386037

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Project description:With millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified and characterized, genomewide association studies have begun to identify susceptibility genes for complex traits and diseases. These studies involve the characterization and analysis of very-high-resolution SNP genotype data for hundreds or thousands of individuals. We describe a computationally efficient approach to testing association between SNPs and quantitative phenotypes, which can be applied to whole-genome association scans. In addition to observed genotypes, our approach allows estimation of missing genotypes, resulting in substantial increases in power when genotyping resources are limited. We estimate missing genotypes probabilistically using the Lander-Green or Elston-Stewart algorithms and combine high-resolution SNP genotypes for a subset of individuals in each pedigree with sparser marker data for the remaining individuals. We show that power is increased whenever phenotype information for ungenotyped individuals is included in analyses and that high-density genotyping of just three carefully selected individuals in a nuclear family can recover >90% of the information available if every individual were genotyped, for a fraction of the cost and experimental effort. To aid in study design, we evaluate the power of strategies that genotype different subsets of individuals in each pedigree and make recommendations about which individuals should be genotyped at a high density. To illustrate our method, we performed genomewide association analysis for 27 gene-expression phenotypes in 3-generation families (Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain pedigrees), in which genotypes for ~860,000 SNPs in 90 grandparents and parents are complemented by genotypes for ~6,700 SNPs in a total of 168 individuals. In addition to increasing the evidence of association at 15 previously identified cis-acting associated alleles, our genotype-inference algorithm allowed us to identify associated alleles at 4 cis-acting loci that were missed when analysis was restricted to individuals with the high-density SNP data. Our genotype-inference algorithm and the proposed association tests are implemented in software that is available for free.

Dataset Information

Family-based association tests for sequence data, and comparisons with population-based association tests.

Publications

Family-based association tests for sequence data, and comparisons with population-based association tests.

Similar Datasets

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