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No untoward effects of smoking cues in anti-smoking public service announcements.

ABSTRACT: Anti-smoking public service announcements (PSAs) often include smoking-related cues; however, visual drug cues can trigger acute cravings that may impede cognitive processing of the anti-smoking message. This experiment evaluated effects of smoking cues in PSAs on smoking urges, immediate smoking behavior, and persuasion measures in daily smokers.Three-hundred and eighteen non-treatment seeking smokers completed a single laboratory session during which they viewed sets of PSAs differentiated by presence of smoking cues (central to the PSA's argument, peripheral, or no cues) and argument strength (high versus low). After viewing the PSAs, participants completed self-report measures of smoking urges, attitudes toward quitting, self-efficacy, and intentions to quit smoking. Smoking behavior was recorded during a 1-h ad libitum smoking period immediately following PSA viewing and assessment.There was a significant positive effect of argument strength on attitudes toward quitting smoking (p=0.012). There were no main effects of smoking cues or smoking cue by argument strength interactions on any of the outcome measures.Visual smoking cues in PSAs do not increase urges to smoke, nor is there evidence that the inclusion of such cues impedes the recall or persuasive effects of anti-smoking arguments.

SUBMITTER: Falcone M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3786034 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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No untoward effects of smoking cues in anti-smoking public service announcements.

Falcone Mary M Lerman Caryn C Cappella Joseph N JN Sanborn Paul P Jepson Christopher C Strasser Andrew A AA

Drug and alcohol dependence 20130603 1

<h4>Background</h4>Anti-smoking public service announcements (PSAs) often include smoking-related cues; however, visual drug cues can trigger acute cravings that may impede cognitive processing of the anti-smoking message. This experiment evaluated effects of smoking cues in PSAs on smoking urges, immediate smoking behavior, and persuasion measures in daily smokers.<h4>Methods</h4>Three-hundred and eighteen non-treatment seeking smokers completed a single laboratory session during which they vie ...[more]

PMID: 23742844

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Project description:Introduction:Cue reactivity (CR) research has reliably demonstrated robust cue-induced responding among smokers exposed to common proximal smoking cues (eg, cigarettes, lighter). More recent work demonstrates that distal stimuli, most notably the actual environments in which smoking previously occurred, can also gain associative control over craving. In the real world, proximal cues always occur within an environment; thus, a more informative test of how cues affect smokers might be to present these two cue types simultaneously. Methods:Using a combined-cue counterbalanced CR paradigm, the present study tested the impact of proximal (smoking and neutral) + personal environment (smoking and nonsmoking places) pictorial cues, on smokers' subjective and behavioral CR; as well as the extent to which cue-induced craving predicts immediate subsequent smoking in a within-subjects design. Results:As anticipated, the dual smoking cue combination (ProxS + EnvS) led to the greatest cue-induced craving relative to the other three cue combinations (ProxS + EnvN, ProxN + EnvS, and ProxN ± EnvN), ps < .004. Dual smoking cues also led to significantly shorter post-trial latencies to smoke, ps < .01. Overall CR difference score (post-trial craving minus baseline craving) was predictive of subsequent immediate smoking indexed by: post-trial latency to smoke [B = -2.69, SE = 9.02; t(143) = -2.98, p = .003]; total puff volume [B = 2.99, SE = 1.13; t(143) = 2.65, p = .009]; and total number of puffs [B = .053, SE = .027; t(143) = 1.95, p = .05]. Conclusions:The implications of these findings for better understanding the impact of cues on smoking behavior and cessation are discussed. Implications:This novel cue reactivity study examined smokers' reactivity to combined proximal and distal smoking cues. Exposure to a combination of two smoking cues (proximal and environment) led to the greatest increases in cue-induced craving and smoking behavior compared to all other cue combinations. Further, the overall magnitude of cue-induced craving was found to significantly predict immediate subsequent smoking. This work provides new insight on how exposure to various cues and cue combinations directly affect smokers' craving and actual smoking behavior, as well as the relationship between those two indices of reactivity.

Project description:The institutions of the Public Health Service at the level of the federal government, the states and the local authorities play a central role in public health in Germany. To manage the many practical tasks of health protection, disease prevention and health promotion in accordance with legal requirements, employees with different skills work together and contribute to social coherence. There are no empirical data on nationwide staffing levels. For years, different actors have been reporting a decreasing number of public health consultants and associated quality of public health work. The aim of this study was to quantify the public health consultant decline and to present regional trends. Regularly collected and freely available data on medical consultants registered in Germany from 1998 to 2018 were descriptively analysed with regard to developments in the number of consultants in Germany, in the regions of the Medical Associations, by specialty and age. While the total number of medical consultants in Germany has continuously increased (52%), the number of those working in administrative positions, public corporate bodies, etc. has remained relatively constant at 2%. In contrast, the number of public health consultants working in administrative offices, public corporate bodies, etc. over the last 20 years has decreased by almost 30%. Similar developments can be seen in all regions, with some even larger decreases in some regions. Bavaria is the only region with a contrasting development. There is almost no new generation of public health consultants and the number of older consultants in this field is increasing. Against this background, the availability of a sufficient number of qualified professionals to manage administrative and other tasks relevant to population medicine must be questioned. These developments threaten public health in general, public concern for vulnerable population groups in particular, and ultimately the functioning of the democratic welfare state.

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No untoward effects of smoking cues in anti-smoking public service announcements.

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No untoward effects of smoking cues in anti-smoking public service announcements.

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