Dataset Information

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans formed from sucralose at high temperatures.

ABSTRACT: Sucralose is a widely-used artificial high-intensity sweetener. Although doubts have been raised about the safety of sucralose by several researchers, it can still be found in a broad range of foods and beverages worldwide, including in baked goods. Sucralose may decompose at high temperatures, and participate in chlorination reactions, generating highly toxic compounds. Here, we demonstrate that heating sucralose at high temperatures in stainless steel or other metal utensils in the presence of rust (Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CuO) produces polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). PCDD/Fs were found in smoke generated during the heating of sucralose and in the residues after heating. CuO enhanced the PCDD/F yield in comparison with Al2O3 and Fe2O3.

SUBMITTER: Dong S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3796739 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans formed from sucralose at high temperatures.

Dong Shujun S Liu Guorui G Hu Jicheng J Zheng Minghui M

Scientific reports 20131015

Sucralose is a widely-used artificial high-intensity sweetener. Although doubts have been raised about the safety of sucralose by several researchers, it can still be found in a broad range of foods and beverages worldwide, including in baked goods. Sucralose may decompose at high temperatures, and participate in chlorination reactions, generating highly toxic compounds. Here, we demonstrate that heating sucralose at high temperatures in stainless steel or other metal utensils in the presence of ...[more]

PMID: 24126490

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Project description:High-fat food intake is the main source of dioxin-like compounds for humans, such as consumption of meat, dairy and eggs, and seafood products. Fruits, vegetables, and cereals have relatively low levels of dioxin-like compounds, but because of high consumption they also contribute to the food-borne intake. It is necessary to clarify dietary dioxin exposure affected by different food contamination levels and dietary habits among different geographic areas. We aimed to evaluate chronic dietary PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs exposure in 725 individual foods in 14 categories in 6 Taiwan air quality regions (AQRs) and a total of 2441 foods from 2004 to 2018. We estimated daily PCDD/Fs + DL-PCBs intake on the basis of sex- and age-specific foodstuff ingestion rate and PCDD/Fs+ DL-PCBs concentrations using a probabilistic approach. PCDD/F+ DL-PCB levels among the different sampling periods exhibited a decreasing trend in fish and aquatic products (from 0.384 ± 0.764 to 0.206±0.223pgWHO05-TEQg-1 w.w.) (p for trend=0.043), livestock products (from 0.133±0.298 to 0.035±0.043 pgWHO05-TEQ g-1 w.w.), eggs (from 0.221 ± 0.373 to 0.056 ± 0.048 pgWHO05-TEQ g-1 w.w.) (p for trend = 0.002), and dairy samples (from 0.066 ± 0.075 to 0.024 ± 0.026 pgWHO05-TEQ g-1 w.w.) (p for trend= 0.001). All lifetime average daily doses (LADD) were below provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) but higher than the TWI for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in food. The percentages of the contribution of each food group to the total dietary intake of TEQPCDD/F+PCB in different ambient air dispersion areas and age groups. The total daily intake of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs by Taiwanese differed between AQRs (0.188-0.397 pgWHO05-TEQ kg-1 b.w. day-1). The observed geographical variations were likely due to differences in food habits, cuisines, culture and levels of environmental contamination among various regions in Taiwan. By sensitivity analysis, we have identified the major contribution to LADD, which was the dioxin levels in marine fish, fresh water fish and fish related products, and followed by dioxin levels in duck eggs. In addition, marine and freshwater fish consumption rate accounts more than 10.2%. These major exposure variables was also consistent with the findings of total daily intake in different AQRs.

Project description:Proximity to facilities emitting polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) has been associated with increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). There is limited information about whether proximity to industrial sources leads to indoor PCDD/F contamination of homes. We measured carpet dust concentrations (pg/g) of 17 toxic PCDD/F congeners and calculated their toxic equivalence (TEQ) in 100 homes in a population-based case-control study of NHL in Detroit, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Iowa (1998-2000). We took global positioning system readings at residences and obtained coordinates and PCDD/F emissions (ng TEQ/yr) from an Environmental Protection Agency database for 6 facility types: coal-fired electricity generating plants, cement kilns burning non-hazardous waste, hazardous waste incinerators, medical waste incinerators, municipal solid waste incinerators, and sewage sludge incinerators. For each residence, we computed an inverse distance-squared weighted average emission index (AEI [pg TEQ/km2/yr]) for all facilities within 5km from 1983 to 2000. We also computed AEIs for each of the 6 facility types. We evaluated relationships between PCDD/F dust concentrations and the all-facility AEI or categories of facility-type AEIs using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for study center, demographics, and home characteristics. A doubling of the all-facility AEI was associated with a 4-8% increase in PCDD/F dust concentrations of 7 of 17 PCDD/F congeners and the TEQ (p-value<0.1). We also observed positive associations between PCDD/F dust concentrations and facility-type AEIs (highest vs. lowest exposure category) for municipal solid waste incinerators (9 PCDD/F, TEQ), and medical waste incinerators (7 PCDD/F, TEQ) (p<0.1). Our results from diverse geographical areas suggest that industrial PCDD/F emission sources contribute to residential PCDD/F dust concentrations. Our emissions index could be improved by incorporating local meteorological data and terrain characteristics. Future research is needed to better understand the links between nearby emission sources, human exposure pathways, and health risks.

Dataset Information

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans formed from sucralose at high temperatures.

Publications

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans formed from sucralose at high temperatures.

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