Dataset Information

Epigenetics and ncRNAs in brain function and disease: mechanisms and prospects for therapy.

ABSTRACT: The most fundamental roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and epigenetic mechanisms are the guidance of cellular differentiation in development and the regulation of gene expression in adult tissues. In brain, both ncRNAs and the various epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms play a fundamental role in neurogenesis and normal neuronal function. Thus, epigenetic chromatin remodelling can render coding sites transcriptionally inactive by DNA methylation, histone modifications or antisense RNA interactions. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) are ncRNA molecules that can regulate the expression of hundreds of genes post-transcriptionally, typically recognising binding sites in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA transcripts. Furthermore, there are a myriad of interactions in the interface of miRNAs and epigenetics. For example, epigenetic mechanisms can silence miRNA coding sites, and miRNAs can be the effectors of transcriptional gene silencing, targeting complementary promoters or silencing the expression of epigenetic modifier genes like MECP2 and EZH2 leading to global changes in the epigenome. Alterations in this regulatory machinery play a key role in the pathology of complex disorders including cancer and neurological diseases. For example, miRNA genes are frequently inactivated by epimutations in gliomas. Here we describe the interactions between epigenetic and ncRNA regulatory systems and discuss therapeutic potential, with an emphasis on tumors, cognitive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

SUBMITTER: Varela MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3805859 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epigenetics and ncRNAs in brain function and disease: mechanisms and prospects for therapy.

Varela Miguel A MA Roberts Thomas C TC Wood Matthew J A MJ

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 20131001 4

The most fundamental roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and epigenetic mechanisms are the guidance of cellular differentiation in development and the regulation of gene expression in adult tissues. In brain, both ncRNAs and the various epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms play a fundamental role in neurogenesis and normal neuronal function. Thus, epigenetic chromatin remodelling can render coding sites transcriptionally inactive by DNA methylation, histone modifications or antisense RNA interact ...[more]

PMID: 24068583

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Dataset Information

Epigenetics and ncRNAs in brain function and disease: mechanisms and prospects for therapy.

Publications

Epigenetics and ncRNAs in brain function and disease: mechanisms and prospects for therapy.

Similar Datasets

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