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Two-dimensional patterns of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels to spatially control fibroblast adhesion and temperature-responsive detachment.

ABSTRACT: Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels were patterned on polystyrene substrates via dip coating, creating cytocompatible substrates that provided spatial control over cell adhesion. This simple dip-coating method, which exploits variable substrate withdrawal speeds forming particle suspension stripes of densely packed PNIPAM microgels, while spacings between the stripes contained sparsely distributed PNIPAM microgels. The assembly of three different PNIPAM microgel patterns, namely, patterns composed of 50 ?m stripe/50 ?m spacing, 50 ?m stripe/100 ?m spacing, and 100 ?m stripe/100 ?m spacing, was verified using high-resolution optical micrographs and ImageJ analysis. PNIPAM microgels existed as monolayers within stripes and spacings, as revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Upon cell seeding on PNIPAM micropatterned substrates, NIH3T3 fibroblast cells preferentially adhered within spacings to form cell patterns. Three days after cell seeding, cells proliferated to form confluent cell layers. The thermoresponsiveness of the underlying PNIPAM microgels was then utilized to recover fibroblast cell sheets from substrates simply by lowering the temperature without disrupting the underlying PNIPAM microgel patterns. Harvested cell sheets similar to these have been used for multiple tissue engineering applications. Also, this simple, low-cost, template-free dip-coating technique can be utilized to micropattern multifunctional PNIPAM microgels, generating complex stimuli-responsive substrates to study cell-material interactions and allow drug delivery to cells in a spatially and temporally controlled manner.

SUBMITTER: Tsai HY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3830545 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Two-dimensional patterns of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels to spatially control fibroblast adhesion and temperature-responsive detachment.

Tsai Hsin-Yi HY Vats Kanika K Yates Matthew Z MZ Benoit Danielle S W DS

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 20130917 39

Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels were patterned on polystyrene substrates via dip coating, creating cytocompatible substrates that provided spatial control over cell adhesion. This simple dip-coating method, which exploits variable substrate withdrawal speeds forming particle suspension stripes of densely packed PNIPAM microgels, while spacings between the stripes contained sparsely distributed PNIPAM microgels. The assembly of three different PNIPAM microgel patt ...[more]

PMID: 23968193

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Project description:In this paper, we report detailed experimental observations of unusual changes in the thickness of solid poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) ultrathin films, which are well known to have temperature-responsive hydrophilic-hydrophobic switching properties. To date, a number of studies have been carried out on the bulk and the brush forms of PNIPAM in contact with liquid water, as well as in highly humid environments, and, recently, these ultrathin films have been preliminarily shown to exhibit temperature responses even under low-humidity, ambient conditions. In this work, the thicknesses of ultrathin PNIPAM films in a temperature/moisture-controlled sample stage were monitored continuously using multichannel X-ray reflectometry. At room temperature, the sample thickness showed an unexpected increase after thermal treatment at 70 °C for 3 h. In the temperature cycle between 15 and 60 °C, heating and cooling resulted in some clear differences. During cooling, initially, the thickness was almost constant but began to increase when the temperature exceeded 33 °C, which corresponds to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). This observation indicates that the PNIPAM ultrathin film is sensitive to the small amounts of water contained in the air, even under ambient, low-humidity conditions. On the other hand, during heating run from 15 to 60 °C, the humidity dependence was monotonic, and no specific changes in the PNIPAM films were observed at around the LCST. By studying the humidity dependence, we found that the hydrophilic and hydrophobic states of the PNIPAM ultrathin film exhibit different temperature dependence behaviors. In addition, we found that swelling takes place even under low-moisture conditions. To understand the difference in the thickness changes observed on cooling and heating further, some models considering the effect of the boundary conditions in the polymer ultrathin film system were considered. In the case of the ultrathin film, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic switching property occurred only in the surface layer, which dominated the absorption of water molecules from air. In contrast, the interface layer was time-stable and provided an escape route for water molecules during heating.

Dataset Information

Two-dimensional patterns of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels to spatially control fibroblast adhesion and temperature-responsive detachment.

Publications

Two-dimensional patterns of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels to spatially control fibroblast adhesion and temperature-responsive detachment.

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