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Three-dimensional analysis of the swimming behavior of Daphnia magna exposed to nanosized titanium dioxide.

ABSTRACT: Due to their surface characteristics, nanosized titanium dioxide particles (nTiO2) tend to adhere to biological surfaces and we thus hypothesize that they may alter the swimming performance and behavior of motile aquatic organisms. However, no suitable approaches to address these impairments in swimming behavior as a result of nanoparticle exposure are available. Water fleas Daphnia magna exposed to 5 and 20 mg/L nTiO2 (61 nm; polydispersity index: 0.157 in 17.46 mg/L stock suspension) for 96 h showed a significantly (p<0.05) reduced growth rate compared to a 1-mg/L treatment and the control. Using three-dimensional video observations of swimming trajectories, we observed a treatment-dependent swarming of D. magna in the center of the test vessels during the initial phase of the exposure period. Ensemble mean swimming velocities increased with increasing body length of D. magna, but were significantly reduced in comparison to the control in all treatments after 96 h of exposure. Spectral analysis of swimming velocities revealed that high-frequency variance, which we consider as a measure of swimming activity, was significantly reduced in the 5- and 20-mg/L treatments. The results highlight the potential of detailed swimming analysis of D. magna for the evaluation of sub-lethal mechanical stress mechanisms resulting from biological surface coating and thus for evaluating the effects of nanoparticles in the aquatic environment.

SUBMITTER: Noss C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3832431 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Three-dimensional analysis of the swimming behavior of Daphnia magna exposed to nanosized titanium dioxide.

Noss Christian C Dabrunz André A Rosenfeldt Ricki R RR Lorke Andreas A Schulz Ralf R

PloS one 20131118 11

Due to their surface characteristics, nanosized titanium dioxide particles (nTiO2) tend to adhere to biological surfaces and we thus hypothesize that they may alter the swimming performance and behavior of motile aquatic organisms. However, no suitable approaches to address these impairments in swimming behavior as a result of nanoparticle exposure are available. Water fleas Daphnia magna exposed to 5 and 20 mg/L nTiO2 (61 nm; polydispersity index: 0.157 in 17.46 mg/L stock suspension) for 96 h ...[more]

PMID: 24260519

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Project description:Simple Summary New types of pesticides are increasingly found in surface waters around the world. Little is known about how they interact in mixtures, and how these mixtures might then affect aquatic organisms at risk of exposure. We looked at how two new pesticides, chlorantraniliprole (CHL) and imidacloprid (IMI), affected a sensitive aquatic organism, Daphnia magna. We exposed Daphnia to surface waters known to be contaminated by agricultural runoff at two time points: during an extended dry period and after the first seasonal storm event. In surface waters, the concentrations of CHL, IMI, and other pesticides of concern increased after the storm event. Exposure to these waters caused Daphnia to be hypoactive, and their response to light varied with the concentration of surface water. We then exposed Daphnia to each chemical individually and then to mixtures of the two chemicals, at concentrations that occur in polluted waterways. Daphnia exposed to CHL and IMI mixtures were more active in response to light stimuli than the control group. Daphnia swimming behavior is a sensitive way to measure the biological effects of CHL, IMI, and surface waters. Abstract Pesticides with novel modes of action including neonicotinoids and anthranilic diamides are increasingly detected in global surface waters. Little is known about how these pesticides of concern interact in mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations, a common exposure scenario in waterways impacted by pesticide pollution. We examined effects of chlorantraniliprole (CHL) and imidacloprid (IMI) on the sensitive invertebrate, Daphnia magna. Exposures were first performed using surface waters known to be contaminated by agricultural runoff. To evaluate the seasonal variation in chemical concentration and composition of surface waters, we tested surface water samples taken at two time points: during an extended dry period and after a first flush storm event. In surface waters, the concentrations of CHL, IMI, and other pesticides of concern increased after first flush, resulting in hypoactivity and dose-dependent photomotor responses. We then examined mortality and behavior following single and binary chemical mixtures of CHL and IMI. We detected inverse photomotor responses and some evidence of synergistic effects in binary mixture exposures. Taken together, this research demonstrates that CHL, IMI, and contaminated surface waters all cause abnormal swimming behavior in D. magna. Invertebrate swimming behavior is a sensitive endpoint for measuring the biological effects of environmental pesticides of concern.

Dataset Information

Three-dimensional analysis of the swimming behavior of Daphnia magna exposed to nanosized titanium dioxide.

Publications

Three-dimensional analysis of the swimming behavior of Daphnia magna exposed to nanosized titanium dioxide.

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