Targeting nuclear import shuttles, importins/karyopherins alpha by a peptide mimicking the NF?B1/p50 nuclear localization sequence.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:We recently reported that a bifunctional nuclear transport modifier (NTM), cSN50.1 peptide, reduced atherosclerosis, plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose along with liver fat and inflammatory markers, in a murine model of familial hypercholesterolemia. We determined that cSN50.1 improved lipid homeostasis by modulating nuclear transport of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins through interaction with importin ?. Previous studies established that cSN50.1 and related NTMs also modulate nuclear transport of proinflammatory transcription factors mediated by binding of their nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) to importins/karyopherins ?. However, selectivity and specificity of NTMs for importins/karyopherins ? were undetermined. METHODS AND RESULTS:We analyzed interaction of the NTM hydrophilic module, N50 peptide, derived from the NLS of NF?B1/p50, with endogenous human importins/karyopherins ? to determine the mechanism of NTM modulation of importin ?-mediated nuclear transport. We show that N50 peptide forms stable complexes with multiple importins/karyopherins ?. However, only interaction with importin ?5 (Imp ?5) displayed specific, high-affinity binding. The 2:1 stoichiometry of the N50-Imp ?5 interaction (KD1 = 73 nmol/L, KD2 = 140 nmol/L) indicated occupancy of both major and minor NLS binding pockets. Utilizing in silico 3-dimensional (3-D) docking models and comparative structural analysis, we identified a structural component of the Imp ?5 major NLS binding pocket that may stabilize N50 binding. Imp ?5 also displayed rapid stimulus-induced turnover, which could influence its availability for nuclear transport during the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS:These results provide direct evidence that N50 peptide selectively targets Imp ?5, encouraging further refinement of NLS-derived peptides as new tools to modulate inflammatory disorders.

SUBMITTER: Zienkiewicz J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3835248 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature