Dataset Information

Long-term health benefits of physical activity--a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCD), like coronary heart disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus, causes rising costs for the health system. Physical activity is supposed to reduce the risk for these diseases. Results of cross-sectional studies showed that physical activity is associated with better health, and that physical activity could prevent the development of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing evidence for the long-term (>5 years) relationship between physical activity and weight gain, obesity, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

Methods

Fifteen longitudinal studies with at least 5-year follow up times and a total of 288,724 subjects (>500 participants in each study), aged between 18 and 85 years, were identified using digital databases. Only studies published in English, about healthy adults at baseline, intentional physical activity and the listed NCDs were included.

Results

The results of these studies show that physical activity appears to have a positive long-term influence on all selected diseases.

Conclusions

This review revealed a paucity of long-term studies on the relationship between physical activity and the incidence of NCD.

SUBMITTER: Reiner M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3847225 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Long-term health benefits of physical activity--a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

Reiner Miriam M Niermann Christina C Jekauc Darko D Woll Alexander A

BMC public health 20130908

<h4>Background</h4>The treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCD), like coronary heart disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus, causes rising costs for the health system. Physical activity is supposed to reduce the risk for these diseases. Results of cross-sectional studies showed that physical activity is associated with better health, and that physical activity could prevent the development of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing evidence for the long-term (>5 years ...[more]

PMID: 24010994

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Project description:ObjectiveFatigue is prominent across many long term physical health conditions. This scoping review aimed to map the fatigue intervention literature, to ascertain if certain interventions may be effective across conditions, and if novel interventions tested in specific long term conditions may be promising for other conditions.MethodsScoping review methodological frameworks were used. Electronic bibliographic databases were searched (inception to November 2016) for systematic reviews of fatigue interventions in long term conditions. Inclusion criteria were: long term physical health condition; review focus on fatigue management; objective and systematic review process; primary review outcome is fatigue. Articles focussing on surgical interventions or treatments thought to trigger fatigue were excluded. A narrative synthesis was performed.ResultsOf 115 full texts screened, 52 reviews were included. Interventions were categorised as pharmacological and non-pharmacological (exercise, psychological/behavioural and complementary medicine). Pharmacological interventions did not consistently demonstrate benefit, except for anti-TNFs and methylphenidate which may be effective at reducing fatigue. Non-pharmacological interventions such as graded exercise and fatigue-specific psychological interventions may be effective, but heterogeneous intervention components limit conclusions. 'Complementary medicine' interventions (e.g. Chinese herbal medicines) showed promise, but the possibility of publication bias must be considered.ConclusionsFurther research is necessary to inform clinical practice. The reported effectiveness of some interventions across inflammatory health conditions, such as anti-TNFs, aerobic exercise, and psychologically based approaches such as CBT, highlights a potential transdiagnostic avenue for fatigue management. More novel strategies that may be worth exploring include expressive writing and mindfulness, although the mechanisms for these in relation to fatigue are unclear. More work is needed to identify transdiagnostic mechanisms of fatigue and to design interventions based on these.

Project description:BackgroundThe purpose was to: 1) perform a systematic review of studies examining the relation between physical activity, fitness, and health in school-aged children and youth, and 2) make recommendations based on the findings.MethodsThe systematic review was limited to 7 health indicators: high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, the metabolic syndrome, obesity, low bone density, depression, and injuries. Literature searches were conducted using predefined keywords in 6 key databases. A total of 11,088 potential papers were identified. The abstracts and full-text articles of potentially relevant papers were screened to determine eligibility. Data was abstracted for 113 outcomes from the 86 eligible papers. The evidence was graded for each health outcome using established criteria based on the quantity and quality of studies and strength of effect. The volume, intensity, and type of physical activity were considered.ResultsPhysical activity was associated with numerous health benefits. The dose-response relations observed in observational studies indicate that the more physical activity, the greater the health benefit. Results from experimental studies indicate that even modest amounts of physical activity can have health benefits in high-risk youngsters (e.g., obese). To achieve substantive health benefits, the physical activity should be of at least a moderate intensity. Vigorous intensity activities may provide even greater benefit. Aerobic-based activities had the greatest health benefit, other than for bone health, in which case high-impact weight bearing activities were required.ConclusionThe following recommendations were made: 1) Children and youth 5-17 years of age should accumulate an average of at least 60 minutes per day and up to several hours of at least moderate intensity physical activity. Some of the health benefits can be achieved through an average of 30 minutes per day. [Level 2, Grade A]. 2) More vigorous intensity activities should be incorporated or added when possible, including activities that strengthen muscle and bone [Level 3, Grade B]. 3) Aerobic activities should make up the majority of the physical activity. Muscle and bone strengthening activities should be incorporated on at least 3 days of the week [Level 2, Grade A].

Project description:BackgroundBy 2050, it has been estimated that approximately one-fifth of the population will be made up of older adults (aged ≥60 years). Old age often comes with cognitive decline and dementia. Physical activity may prevent cognitive decline and dementia.MethodsWe reviewed and synthesised prospective studies into physical activity and cognitive decline, and physical activity and dementia, published until January 2014. Forty-seven cohorts, derived from two previous systematic reviews and an updated database search, were used in the meta-analyses. Included participants were aged ≥40 years, in good health and/or randomly selected from the community. Studies were assessed for methodological quality.ResultsTwenty-one cohorts on physical activity and cognitive decline and twenty-six cohorts on physical activity and dementia were included. Meta-analysis, using the quality-effects model, suggests that participants with higher levels of physical activity, when compared to those with lower levels, are at reduced risk of cognitive decline, RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.55-0.76, and dementia, RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.97. Sensitivity analyses revealed a more conservative estimate of the impact of physical activity on cognitive decline and dementia for high quality studies, studies reporting effect sizes as ORs, greater number of adjustments (≥10), and longer follow-up time (≥10 years). When one heavily weighted study was excluded, physical activity was associated with an 18% reduction in the risk of dementia (RR 0.82; 0.73-0.91).ConclusionsLongitudinal observational studies show an association between higher levels of physical activity and a reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia. A case can be made for a causal interpretation. Future research should use objective measures of physical activity, adjust for the full range of confounders and have adequate follow-up length. Ideally, randomised controlled trials will be conducted. Regardless of any effect on cognition, physical activity should be encouraged, as it has been shown to be beneficial on numerous levels.

Project description:BackgroundEvidence on the effects of regular physical activity (PA) on asthmatic adults is rather weak and inconsistent since previous studies were conducted based on the limited studies, various populations groups and single outcome. A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis have a high level of evidence to comprehensively evaluate the effects of PA for adults with asthma based on the available data. Our study aims to provide an SR of available evidence regarding the effect of regular PA on asthma in adults.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from their inception to October 2021. We identifying the eligible studies based on the PIOS principles, namely, populations (adults with asthma), interventions (regular PA), outcomes (quality of life or relapse-related outcomes), study design [randomized controlled trials (RCTs)]. A Bayesian-based meta-analysis was performed to pool available evidence. Quality assessment for individual studies was performed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsA total of 22 publications (18 RCTs and 4 longitudinal studies) were identified, comprised of 85,392 individuals aged between 18 and 75 years old. Overall quality of the included studies was rated as low-to-moderated quality. We found that PA was effective in improving quality of life (QOL) [health related quality of life, (HRQoL) & Asthma Control Questionnaire, (ACQ): standard mean difference (SMD) =-0.80, 95% credible interval (CrI): -1.30 to -0.31; I2=86.9%, Pheterogeneity<0.001], pulmonary function (FEV1/pred) [weighted mean difference (MD) =0.47, 95% CrI: 0.03 to 0.90; I2=74.9%, Pheterogeneity<0.001], and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (MD =1.18, 95% CrI: 0.87 to 1.48; I2=17.0%, Pheterogeneity=0.31). Based on the longitudinal studies, the long-term high-level PA group had a lower risk of developing asthma compared with the low-level PA group [odds ratio (OR) =0.87, 95% CrI: 0.78 to 0.95; I2=27.4%, Pheterogeneity=0.22)].DiscussionAdults with asthma need to carried out regular PA in accordance with the recommendations, which will improve their QOL and pulmonary function, and moreover, long-term PA appears to be more beneficial for asthmatic patients. The quality and quantity of included studies might affect the interpretation.

Dataset Information

Long-term health benefits of physical activity--a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Long-term health benefits of physical activity--a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

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