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Overfeeding over 24 hours does not activate brown adipose tissue in humans.

ABSTRACT: Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated with cold exposure, but it is unknown whether overfeeding activates BAT.We determined BAT activation with cold, fasting, and overfeeding and the relationship of BAT activation with future weight change.Sixteen healthy adults were evaluated during energy balance, fasting, and 24 hours of 200% overfeeding. All subjects had a fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) scan after exposure to 16°C to determine cold-induced BAT activity (CIBA). The first six subjects had a second PET scan after 36 hours of fasting to establish the lack of BAT activation at 22°C. The other subjects' second PET scan occurred after 24 hours of overfeeding at 22°C but only if they demonstrated CIBA. Twelve subjects returned at 6 months for reassessment of body composition.BAT was defined in cool scans as voxels with a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 2.0 or greater and Hounsfield units between -250 and -10. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Although 75% of the subjects demonstrated visible CIBA, none had visual BAT activity after overfeeding. CIBA was greater than that observed in the same defined BAT voxels after fasting (n = 6; 2.9 ± 0.5 vs 1.2 ± 0.2; ? = -1.7; 95% confidence interval -2.4, -1.0 SUV; P < .01). In the second cohort, CIBA was also higher than observed BAT voxel activity after 24 hours overfeeding (n = 8; 3.5 ± 0.7 vs 0.9 ± 0.2; ? = -2.6; 95% confidence interval -3.2, -1.9 SUV; P < .01). Baseline CIBA negatively correlated with changes in fat mass after 6 months (r = -0.72, P = .009).BAT may be important in weight regulation unrelated to the response to overeating.

SUBMITTER: Schlogl M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3849677 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Overfeeding over 24 hours does not activate brown adipose tissue in humans.

Schlögl Mathias M Piaggi Paolo P Thiyyagura Pradeep P Reiman Eric M EM Chen Kewei K Lutrin Calvin C Krakoff Jonathan J Thearle Marie S MS

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20130930 12

<h4>Context</h4>Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated with cold exposure, but it is unknown whether overfeeding activates BAT.<h4>Objective</h4>We determined BAT activation with cold, fasting, and overfeeding and the relationship of BAT activation with future weight change.<h4>Design, setting, participants, and interventions</h4>Sixteen healthy adults were evaluated during energy balance, fasting, and 24 hours of 200% overfeeding. All subjects had a fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission t ...[more]

PMID: 24081739

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Project description:BackgroundObesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In rodents and newborn humans, brown adipose tissue helps regulate energy expenditure by thermogenesis mediated by the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), but brown adipose tissue has been considered to have no physiologic relevance in adult humans.MethodsWe analyzed 3640 consecutive (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron-emission tomographic and computed tomographic (PET-CT) scans performed for various diagnostic reasons in 1972 patients for the presence of substantial depots of putative brown adipose tissue. Such depots were defined as collections of tissue that were more than 4 mm in diameter, had the density of adipose tissue according to CT, and had maximal standardized uptake values of (18)F-FDG of at least 2.0 g per milliliter, indicating high metabolic activity. Clinical indexes were recorded and compared with those of date-matched controls. Immunostaining for UCP1 was performed on biopsy specimens from the neck and supraclavicular regions in patients undergoing surgery.ResultsSubstantial depots of brown adipose tissue were identified by PET-CT in a region extending from the anterior neck to the thorax. Tissue from this region had UCP1-immunopositive, multilocular adipocytes indicating brown adipose tissue. Positive scans were seen in 76 of 1013 women (7.5%) and 30 of 959 men (3.1%), corresponding to a female:male ratio greater than 2:1 (P<0.001). Women also had a greater mass of brown adipose tissue and higher (18)F-FDG uptake activity. The probability of the detection of brown adipose tissue was inversely correlated with years of age (P<0.001), outdoor temperature at the time of the scan (P=0.02), beta-blocker use (P<0.001), and among older patients, body-mass index (P=0.007).ConclusionsDefined regions of functionally active brown adipose tissue are present in adult humans, are more frequent in women than in men, and may be quantified noninvasively with the use of (18)F-FDG PET-CT. Most important, the amount of brown adipose tissue is inversely correlated with body-mass index, especially in older people, suggesting a potential role of brown adipose tissue in adult human metabolism.

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Overfeeding over 24 hours does not activate brown adipose tissue in humans.

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Overfeeding over 24 hours does not activate brown adipose tissue in humans.

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