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Natural conditions override differences in emergence rhythm among closely related drosophilids.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies on adult emergence rhythm of Drosophila melanogaster (DM) done under semi-natural conditions have shown that emergence is correlated to daily changes in temperature, humidity and light at dawn. Recently we showed that under laboratory conditions D. ananassae (DA), a closely related species of DM exhibits patterns in its activity/rest rhythm distinct from the latter. Here, we report the results of a study aimed at examining whether this difference in activity/rest rhythm among species extends to other circadian behaviours such as the adult emergence rhythm under a more natural environment with multiple cyclic time cues. We monitored the adult emergence rhythm of recently wild-caught DM and DA populations in parallel with those of a related species D. malerkotliana (DK), both in the laboratory and under semi-natural conditions. We find that although DM, DK and DA showed marked difference from one another under laboratory conditions, such differences were not detectable in the emergence behaviour of these three species under semi-natural conditions, and that they respond very similarly to seasonal changes in the environment. The results suggest that seasonal changes in temperature and humidity contribute largely to the variation in adult emergence waveform in terms of gate width, phase and amplitude of the peak and day-to-day variance in the timing of the emergence peak. In all three species, seasons with cooler and wetter conditions make the rhythm less tightly gated, with low amplitude peak and high day-to-day variation in timing of the peak of emergence. We show that in nature the emergence rhythm of DM, DK and DA is strongly influenced by environmental factors such that in a given season all of them exhibit similar time course and waveform and that with the changing season, they all modify their emergence patterns in a similar manner.

SUBMITTER: Prabhakaran PM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3859640 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Natural conditions override differences in emergence rhythm among closely related drosophilids.

Prabhakaran Priya M PM De Joydeep J Sheeba Vasu V

PloS one 20131211 12

Previous studies on adult emergence rhythm of Drosophila melanogaster (DM) done under semi-natural conditions have shown that emergence is correlated to daily changes in temperature, humidity and light at dawn. Recently we showed that under laboratory conditions D. ananassae (DA), a closely related species of DM exhibits patterns in its activity/rest rhythm distinct from the latter. Here, we report the results of a study aimed at examining whether this difference in activity/rest rhythm among sp ...[more]

PMID: 24349430

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Project description:Pseudomonas aeruginosa can utilize hydrocarbons, but different strains have various degrees of adaptation despite their highly conserved genome. P. aeruginosa ATCC 33988 is highly adapted to hydrocarbons, while P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, a human pathogen, is less adapted and degrades jet fuel at a lower rate than does ATCC 33988. We investigated fuel-specific transcriptomic differences between these strains in order to ascertain the underlying mechanisms utilized by the adapted strain to proliferate in fuel. During growth in fuel, the genes related to alkane degradation, heat shock response, membrane proteins, efflux pumps, and several novel genes were upregulated in ATCC 33988. Overexpression of alk genes in PAO1 provided some improvement in growth, but it was not as robust as that of ATCC 33988, suggesting the role of other genes in adaptation. Expression of the function unknown gene PA5359 from ATCC 33988 in PAO1 increased the growth in fuel. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that PA5359 is a predicted lipoprotein with a conserved Yx(FWY)xxD motif, which is shared among bacterial adhesins. Overexpression of the putative resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump PA3521 to PA3523 increased the growth of the ATCC 33988 strain, suggesting a possible role in fuel tolerance. Interestingly, the PAO1 strain cannot utilize n-C8 and n-C10 The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of alkB promoters confirmed that alk gene promoter polymorphism affects the expression of alk genes. Promoter fusion assays further confirmed that the regulation of alk genes was different in the two strains. Protein sequence analysis showed low amino acid differences for many of the upregulated genes, further supporting transcriptional control as the main mechanism for enhanced adaptation.IMPORTANCE These results support that specific signal transduction, gene regulation, and coordination of multiple biological responses are required to improve the survival, growth, and metabolism of fuel in adapted strains. This study provides new insight into the mechanistic differences between strains and helpful information that may be applied in the improvement of bacterial strains for resistance to biotic and abiotic factors encountered during bioremediation and industrial biotechnological processes.

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Natural conditions override differences in emergence rhythm among closely related drosophilids.

Publications

Natural conditions override differences in emergence rhythm among closely related drosophilids.

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