Dataset Information

Fourth Belgian multicentre survey of antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To collect recent data on the susceptibility of anaerobes to antimicrobial agents with known activity against anaerobes, and to compare them with results from previous Belgian multicentre studies.

Methods

Four hundred and three strict anaerobic clinical isolates were prospectively collected from February 2011 to April 2012 in eight Belgian university hospitals. MICs were determined by one central laboratory for 11 antimicrobial agents using Etest methodology.

Results

According to EUCAST breakpoints, >90% of isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate (94%), piperacillin/tazobactam (91%), meropenem (96%), metronidazole (92%) and chloramphenicol (98%), but only 70% and 40% to clindamycin and penicillin, respectively. At CLSI recommended breakpoints, only 71% were susceptible to moxifloxacin and 79% to cefoxitin. MIC50/MIC90 values for linezolid and for tigecycline were 1/4 and 0.5/4 mg/L, respectively. When compared with survey data from 2004, no major differences in susceptibility profiles were noticed. However, the susceptibility of Prevotella spp. and other Gram-negative bacilli to clindamycin decreased from 91% in 1993-94 and 82% in 2004 to 69% in this survey. Furthermore, the susceptibility of clostridia to moxifloxacin decreased from 88% in 2004 to 66% in 2011-12 and that of fusobacteria from 90% to 71%.

Conclusions

Compared with previous surveys, little evolution was seen in susceptibility, except a decline in activity of clindamycin against Prevotella spp. and other Gram-negative bacteria, and of moxifloxacin against clostridia. Since resistance was detected to all antibiotics, susceptibility testing of anaerobic isolates is indicated in severe infections to confirm appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy.

SUBMITTER: Wybo I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3861333 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Fourth Belgian multicentre survey of antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria.

Wybo Ingrid I Van den Bossche Dorien D Soetens Oriane O Vekens Evilien E Vandoorslaer Kristof K Claeys Geert G Glupczynski Youri Y Ieven Margareta M Melin Pierrette P Nonhoff Claire C Rodriguez-Villalobos Hector H Verhaegen Jan J Piérard Denis D

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 20130905 1

<h4>Objectives</h4>To collect recent data on the susceptibility of anaerobes to antimicrobial agents with known activity against anaerobes, and to compare them with results from previous Belgian multicentre studies.<h4>Methods</h4>Four hundred and three strict anaerobic clinical isolates were prospectively collected from February 2011 to April 2012 in eight Belgian university hospitals. MICs were determined by one central laboratory for 11 antimicrobial agents using Etest methodology.<h4>Results ...[more]

PMID: 24008826

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Project description:Understanding fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) vs. their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during wastewater sludge treatment is critical in order to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance through process optimization. Here, we spiked high concentrations of tetracycline-resistant bacteria, isolated from mesophilic (Iso M1-1-a Pseudomonas sp.) and thermophilic (Iso T10-a Bacillus sp.) anaerobic digested sludge, into batch digesters and monitored their fate by plate counts and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) of their corresponding tetracycline ARGs. In batch studies, spiked ARB plate counts returned to baseline (thermophilic) or 1-log above baseline (mesophilic) while levels of the ARG present in the spiked isolate [tet(G)] remained high in mesophilic batch reactors. To compare results under semi-continuous flow conditions with natural influent variation, tet(O), tet(W), and sul1 ARGs, along with the intI1 integrase gene, were monitored over a 9-month period in the raw feed sludge and effluent sludge of lab-scale thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digesters. sul1 and intI1 in mesophilic and thermophilic digesters correlated positively (Spearman rho = 0.457-0.829, P < 0.05) with the raw feed sludge. There was no correlation in tet(O) or tet(W) ratios in raw sludge and mesophilic digested sludge or thermophilic digested sludge (Spearman rho = 0.130-0.486, P = 0.075-0.612). However, in the thermophilic digester, the tet(O) and tet(W) ratios remained consistently low over the entire monitoring period. We conclude that the influent sludge microbial composition can influence the ARG content of a digester, apparently as a result of differential survival or death of ARBs or horizontal gene transfer of genes between raw sludge ARBs and the digester microbial community. Notably, mesophilic digestion was more susceptible to ARG intrusion than thermophilic digestion, which may be attributed to a higher rate of ARB survival and/or horizontal gene transfer between raw sludge bacteria and the digester microbial community.

Project description:BackgroundThe "One Health" concept recognizes that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of the ecosystem in which they (co)exist. This interconnection favors the transmission of bacteria and other infectious agents as well as the flow of genetic elements containing antibiotic resistance genes. This problem is worsened when pathogenic bacteria have the ability to establish as biofilms. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics and behaviour of microorganisms in both planktonic and biofilms states from the most diverse environmental niches to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of resistance.MethodsThe purpose of this work was to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of four bacteria (Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens) isolated from wild animals and their ability to form biofilms. The effect of two antibiotics, imipenem (IPM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), on biofilm removal was also assessed. Screening of resistance genetic determinants was performed by PCR. Biofilm tests were performed by a modified microtiter plate method. Bacterial surface hydrophobicity was determined by sessile drop contact angles.ResultsThe susceptibility profile classified the bacteria as multidrug-resistant. Three genes coding for ?-lactamases were detected in K. pneumoniae (TEM, SHV, OXA-aer) and one in P. fluorescens (OXA-aer). K. pneumoniae was the microorganism that carried more ?-lactamase genes and it was the most proficient biofilm producer, while P. fluorescens demonstrated the highest adhesion ability. Antibiotics at their MIC, 5 × MIC and 10 × MIC were ineffective in total biofilm removal. The highest biomass reductions were found with IPM (54% at 10 × MIC) against K. pneumoniae biofilms and with CIP (40% at 10 × MIC) against P. fluorescens biofilms.DiscussionThe results highlight wildlife as important host reservoirs and vectors for the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and genetic determinants of resistance. The ability of these bacteria to form biofilms should increase their persistence.

Project description:BackgroundElectronic continuous surveillance databases are ideal for monitoring antibiotic use (ABU) in hospitalised patients for antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASP). However, such databases are scarce in low-resource settings. Point prevalence surveys (PPS) are viable alternatives. This report describes ABU and identifies ASP implementation improvement areas in Limpopo Province, South Africa.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study extracted patient-level ABU data from patients' files using a modified global PPS tool. Data were collected between September and November 2021 at five regional hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa. All patients in the wards before 8 a.m. on study days with an antibiotic prescription were included. Antibiotic use was stratified by Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical and Access, Watch, Reserve classifications and presented as frequencies and proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations between categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square test. Cramér's V was used to assess the strength of these associations.ResultsOf 804 inpatients surveyed, 261 (32.5%) (95% CI 29.2-35.7) were prescribed 416 antibiotics, 137 were female (52.5%) and 198 adults (75.9%). One hundred and twenty-two (46.7%) patients received one antibiotic, 47.5% (124/261) received two, and 5.7% (15/261) received three or more antibiotics. The intensive care units had a higher ABU (68.6%, 35/51) compared to medical (31.3%, 120/384) and surgical (28.5%, 105/369) wards (p = 0.005, Cramér's V = 0.2). Lower respiratory tract infection (27.4%, 104/379), skin and soft tissue infections (SST) (23.5%, 89/379), and obstetrics and gynaecology prophylaxis (14.0%, 53/379) were the common diagnoses for antibiotic prescriptions. The three most prescribed antibiotic classes were imidazoles (21.9%, 91/416), third-generation cephalosporins (20.7%, 86/416) and combination penicillin (18.5%, 79/416). Access antibiotics accounted for 70.2% (292/416) of prescriptions and Watch antibiotics for 29.6% (123/416) (p = 0.110, Cramér's V = 0.1). Reasons for prescribing and treatment plans were documented in 64.9% (270/416) (95% CI 60.3-69.5) and 21.4% (89/416) (95% CI 17.3-25.3) of prescriptions, respectively.ConclusionsThe study serves as a baseline for ABU surveillance at the five regional hospitals in Limpopo Province. Lack of documentation indicates poor prescribing practices; ASP should address gaps by deploying evidence-based, multifaceted and stepwise interventions.

Dataset Information

Fourth Belgian multicentre survey of antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Fourth Belgian multicentre survey of antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria.

Similar Datasets

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