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Differential mechanisms of tumor progression in clones from a single heterogeneous human melanoma.

ABSTRACT: We used vertical growth phase (VGP) human VMM5 melanoma cells to ask whether the tumor microenvironment could induce matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in vivo, and whether this induction correlated with metastasis. We isolated two clones from parental VMM5 cells: a low MMP-1 producing clone (C4) and high producing clone (C9). When these clones were injected orthotopically (intradermally) into nude mice, both were equally tumorigenic and produced equivalent and abundant amounts of MMP-1. However, the tumors from the C4 clones displayed different growth kinetics and distinct profiles of gene expression from the C9 population. The C4 tumors, which had low MMP-1 levels in vitro, appeared to rely on growth factors and cytokines in the microenvironment to increase MMP-1 expression in vivo, while MMP-1 levels remained constant in the C9 tumors. C9 cells, but not C4 cells, grew as spheres in culture and expressed higher levels of JARID 1B, a marker associated with melanoma initiating cells. We conclude that VMM5 melanoma cells exhibit striking intra-tumor heterogeneity, and that the tumorigenicity of these clones is driven by different molecular pathways. Our data suggest that there are multiple mechanisms for melanoma progression within a tumor, which may require different therapeutic strategies.

SUBMITTER: Croteau W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3864099 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differential mechanisms of tumor progression in clones from a single heterogeneous human melanoma.

Croteau Walburga W Jenkins Molly H MH Ye Siying S Mullins David W DW Brinckerhoff Constance E CE

Journal of cellular physiology 20130401 4

We used vertical growth phase (VGP) human VMM5 melanoma cells to ask whether the tumor microenvironment could induce matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in vivo, and whether this induction correlated with metastasis. We isolated two clones from parental VMM5 cells: a low MMP-1 producing clone (C4) and high producing clone (C9). When these clones were injected orthotopically (intradermally) into nude mice, both were equally tumorigenic and produced equivalent and abundant amounts of MMP-1. However ...[more]

PMID: 23001823

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Project description:Adoptive immunotherapy using ex vivo expanded tumor reactive lymphocytes can mediate durable cancer regression in selected melanoma patients. Analyses of these trials have associated the in vivo engraftment ability of the transferred cells with their anti-tumor efficacy. Thus, there is significant clinical interest in the prospective isolation of tumor specific T cells that can reliably persist after transfer. Animal studies have suggested that central memory CD8+ T cells (TCM) have divergent capabilities including effector differentiation to target antigen and stem cell-like self renewal that enable long term survival after adoptive transfer. In this study, we sought to isolate human melanoma specific TCM to define their in vivo fate and function after autologous therapeutic transfer to metastatic patients. To facilitate the high throughput identification of these rare cells from patients, we report that TCM have a defined stoichiometric production of IL-2 and IFN-g mRNA after antigen stimulation. Melanoma specific T cells screened for high relative IL-2 production possessed a TCM phenotype and superior in vitro proliferative capacity compared to cells with low IL-2 production. To investigate in vivo effector function and self renewal capability, melanoma specific TCM underwent in vitro expansion and differentiation into lytic effector clones and then were adoptively transferred back into their hosts. These clones targeted skin melanocytes in all five patients and persisted long term and reacquired parental TCM attributes in four patients after transfer. These findings demonstrate the favorable engraftment fitness for human TCM-derived clones, but further efforts to improve their anti-tumor efficacy are still necessary. We used microarrays to compare the resting gene expression profile of melanoma specific CD8+ T cell clones that were derived from either High IL-2:IFN index precursors or Low IL-2:IFN index precursors. Three melanoma specific effector clones were derived from parental cells that possessed a high IL-2:IFN index from three independent patients with metastatic melanoma. Two melanoma specific effector clones were derived from parental cells that possessed a low IL-2:IFN index from two independent patients with metastatic melanoma. We used microarrays to compare the resting gene expression profile of the CD8+ T cell clones that were derived from either high IL-2:IFN index precursors or low IL-2:IFN index precursors.

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Differential mechanisms of tumor progression in clones from a single heterogeneous human melanoma.

Publications

Differential mechanisms of tumor progression in clones from a single heterogeneous human melanoma.

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