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Identification of transcription factors for lineage-specific ESC differentiation.

ABSTRACT: A network of transcription factors (TFs) determines cell identity, but identity can be altered by overexpressing a combination of TFs. However, choosing and verifying combinations of TFs for specific cell differentiation have been daunting due to the large number of possible combinations of ?2,000 TFs. Here, we report the identification of individual TFs for lineage-specific cell differentiation based on the correlation matrix of global gene expression profiles. The overexpression of identified TFs-Myod1, Mef2c, Esx1, Foxa1, Hnf4a, Gata2, Gata3, Myc, Elf5, Irf2, Elf1, Sfpi1, Ets1, Smad7, Nr2f1, Sox11, Dmrt1, Sox9, Foxg1, Sox2, or Ascl1-can direct efficient, specific, and rapid differentiation into myocytes, hepatocytes, blood cells, and neurons. Furthermore, transfection of synthetic mRNAs of TFs generates their appropriate target cells. These results demonstrate both the utility of this approach to identify potent TFs for cell differentiation, and the unanticipated capacity of single TFs directly guides differentiation to specific lineage fates.

SUBMITTER: Yamamizu K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3871400 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Identification of transcription factors for lineage-specific ESC differentiation.

Yamamizu Kohei K Piao Yulan Y Sharov Alexei A AA Zsiros Veronika V Yu Hong H Nakazawa Kazu K Schlessinger David D Ko Minoru S H MS

Stem cell reports 20131127 6

A network of transcription factors (TFs) determines cell identity, but identity can be altered by overexpressing a combination of TFs. However, choosing and verifying combinations of TFs for specific cell differentiation have been daunting due to the large number of possible combinations of ∼2,000 TFs. Here, we report the identification of individual TFs for lineage-specific cell differentiation based on the correlation matrix of global gene expression profiles. The overexpression of identified ...[more]

PMID: 24371809

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Project description:Background & aimsDevelopment of liver fibrosis is associated with activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into collagen type I-producing myofibroblasts (activated HSCs). Cessation of liver injury often results in fibrosis resolution and inactivation of activated HSCs/myofibroblasts into a quiescent-like state (inactivated HSCs). We aimed to identify molecular features of phenotypes of HSCs from mice and humans.MethodsWe performed studies with LratCre, Ets1-floxed, Nf1-floxed, Pparγ-floxed, Gata6-floxed, Rag2-/-γc-/-, and C57/Bl6 (control) mice. Some mice were given carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce liver fibrosis, with or without a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist. Livers from mice were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Quiescent, activated, and inactivated HSCs were isolated from livers of Col1α1YFP mice and analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing. Human HSCs were isolated from livers denied for transplantation. We compared changes in gene expression patterns and epigenetic modifications (histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation) in primary mouse and human HSCs. Transcription factors were knocked down with small hairpin RNAs in mouse HSCs.ResultsMotif enrichment identified E26 transcription-specific transcription factors (ETS) 1, ETS2, GATA4, GATA6, interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 1, and IRF2 transcription factors as regulators of the mouse and human HSC lineage. Small hairpin RNA-knockdown of these transcription factors resulted in increased expression of genes that promote fibrogenesis and inflammation, and loss of HSC phenotype. Disruption of Gata6 or Ets1, or Nf1 or Pparγ (which are regulated by ETS1), increased the severity of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice compared to control mice. Only mice with disruption of Gata6 or Pparγ had defects in fibrosis resolution after CCl4 administration was stopped, associated with persistent activation of HSCs. Administration of a PPARγ agonist accelerated regression of liver fibrosis after CCl4 administration in control mice but not in mice with disruption of Pparγ.ConclusionsPhenotypes of HSCs from humans and mice are regulated by transcription factors, including ETS1, ETS2, GATA4, GATA6, IRF1, and IRF2. Activated mouse and human HSCs can revert to a quiescent-like, inactivated phenotype. We found GATA6 and PPARγ to be required for inactivation of human HSCs and regression of liver fibrosis in mice.

Project description:Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents a potent and potentially curative treatment for many hematopoietic malignancies and hematologic disorders in adults and children. The donor-derived immunity, elicited by the stem cell transplant, can prevent disease relapse but is also responsible for the induction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The pathophysiology of acute GVHD is not completely understood yet. In general, acute GVHD is driven by the inflammatory and cytotoxic effect of alloreactive donor T cells. Since several experimental approaches indicate that CD4 T cells play an important role in initiation and progression of acute GVHD, the contribution of the different CD4 T helper (Th) cell subtypes in the pathomechanism and regulation of the disease is a central point of current research. Th lineages derive from naïve CD4 T cell progenitors and lineage commitment is initiated by the surrounding cytokine milieu and subsequent changes in the transcription factor (TF) profile. Each T cell subtype has its own effector characteristics, immunologic function, and lineage specific cytokine profile, leading to the association with different immune responses and diseases. Acute GVHD is thought to be mainly driven by the Th1/Th17 axis, whereas Treg cells are attributed to attenuate GVHD effects. As the differentiation of each Th subset highly depends on the specific composition of activating and repressing TFs, these present a potent target to alter the Th cell landscape towards a GVHD-ameliorating direction, e.g. by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 differentiation. The finding, that targeting of Th1 and Th17 differentiation appears more effective for GVHD-prevention than a strategy to inhibit Th1 and Th17 cytokines supports this concept. In this review, we shed light on the current advances of potent TF inhibitors to alter Th cell differentiation and consecutively attenuate GVHD. We will focus especially on preclinical studies and outcomes of TF inhibition in murine GVHD models. Finally, we will point out the possible impact of a Th cell subset-specific immune modulation in context of GVHD.

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Identification of transcription factors for lineage-specific ESC differentiation.

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Identification of transcription factors for lineage-specific ESC differentiation.

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